Table 2.
Comparison of Sleep, CGM, and OGTT Data Between Women With No OSA (AHI <5) and With OSA (AHI ≥5)
| AHI <5 (n = 6) | AHI ≥5 (n = 12) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep dataa | ||
| Total sleep time, min | 349 ± 20.1 | 380.9 ± 15.2 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 80.0 ± 3.6 | 80.1 ± 1.4 |
| Sleep latency, min | 20.9 ± 3.0 | 25.4 ± 3.1 |
| Mean O2 saturation | 94.0 ± 0.4 | 94.2 ± 0.0.3 |
| Minimum saturation, % | 89.1 ± 1.3 | 87.9 ± 0.7 |
| Mean pulse, bpm | 77.8 ± 1.7 | 83.0 ± 2.9 |
| AHI (events per h) | 2.54 ± 0.58 | 16.1 ± 2.5b |
| ODI (events per h) | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 1.7b |
| Glucose data from CGMa | ||
| Mean prebreakfast glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 84.8 ± 5.9 (4.7 ± 0.32) | 86.5 ± 3.0 (4.8 ± 0.17) |
| Mean 24-h glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 91.9 ± 3.8 (5.1 ± 0.21) | 100.9 ± 2.3 (5.6 ± 0.13)c |
| Mean daytime glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 92.6 ± 3.7 (5.13 ± 0.21) | 101.4 ± 2.4 (5.6 ± 0.13)d |
| Mean nocturnal glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 94.3 ± 4.2 (5.2 ± 0.23) | 98.7 ± 4.1 (5.5 ± 0.23) |
| 24-h Glucose AUC, mg⋅min/dL (mmol⋅min/L) | 131,693.7 ± 5402.6 (7309 ± 299.8) | 144.140.5 ± 3029.5 (7999.8 ± 168.1)c |
| Metabolic markersa | ||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 77.1 ± 2.9 (4.3 ± 0.16) | 76.0 ± 1.8 (4.2 ± 0.10) |
| Fasting insulin, μIU/L | 17.1 ± 2.0 | 16.6 ± 1.9 |
| 2-h Glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 135.8 ± 15.1 (7.5 ± 0.84) | 125.1 ± 6.6 (6.94 ± 0.37) |
| 2-h Insulin, μIU/L | 146.5 ± 34.0 | 161.9 ± 17.9 |
| Glucose AUC, mg⋅min/dL (mmol⋅min/L) | 16,203.8 ± 1202.1 (899.3 ± 66.7) | 15,121.9 ± 475.3 (839.3 ± 26.4) |
| Insulin AUC, μIU⋅min/L | 13,638.8 ± 2185.6 | 18,129.6 ± 1810.5 |
| Fasting glycerol, μM/L | 101.5 ± 16.2 | 123.8 ± 12.7 |
| fFFAs, μEq/L | 500.4 ± 84.7 | 550.8 ± 44.2 |
| Fasting TGs, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 203.3 ± 21.4 (11.3 ± 1.2) | 221.7 ± 18.6 (12.3 ± 1.0) |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 5.4 ± 0.08 (36 ± 0.9) | 5.5 ± 0.06 (37 ± 0.7) |
| Matsuda index | 2.5 ± 0.32 | 2.2 ± 0.17 |
| Hepatic IR [glucose0–30 (AUC) × insulin0–30 (AUC)] | 5.7 × 106 ± 6.0 × 105 | 8.2 × 106 ± 5.9 × 105c |
| Adipose IR (free fatty acids0 × insulin0) | 8611.9 ± 1708 | 9552.1 ± 139.6 |
| Waking cortisol, µg/dL (nmol/L) | 0.52 ± 0.06 (14.4 ± 1.7) | 0.56 ± 0.06 (15.5 ± 1.7) |
| Evening cortisol, µg/dL (nmol/L) | 0.19 ± 0.03 (5.2 ± 0.83) | 0.22 ± 0.02 (6.1 ± 0.55) |
Sleep data represent the average for each woman over the three nights. CGM data are the average of 2 d of CGM use on controlled diet. Prebreakfast glucose is the sum of six consecutive values starting at 6:00 am or after a 7-h fast (if food consumed after 11:00 pm). Mean daytime glucose is the mean glucose between 6:30 am and 11:30 pm; mean nocturnal glucose is the mean glucose between 11:30 pm and 6:30 am. For the Matsuda index, a higher index indicates greater insulin sensitivity. For hepatic and adipose IR, higher indices indicate greater IR.
a
Data are means ± SEM.
b
P ≤ 0.01.
c
P < 0.05.
d
P = 0.057.