Figure 3.

DE-mediated increase of ROS/RNS production by NHBE cells is inhibited by sorrel and NAC. (a) NHBE cells were treated with media, media+5% DE, sorrel, sorrel+5% DE, NAC, and NAC+5% DE for seven hours. After which, cells were loaded with dye to detect mitochondrial superoxide anion or cytosolic ROS/RNS for 1 hour, and oxidant production by live cells was measured via fluorescent microscopy within 1-2 hours post staining. A representative image of 4-5 images per treatment is shown. (b) Relative fluorescence intensity as determined by ImageJ for mitochondrial superoxide anion detected in (a). (c) Relative fluorescence intensity for hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite as determined by ImageJ for hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite detected in (a). ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared to media. ^∗p < 0.05 compared to media+DE. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM for (b) and (c).