Figure 3.

Example of an orthology assessment of “colored petals.” Petals are orthologs at the organ level. Diversification at the pigment level results in different character states (different red and blue petals, represented by petals in different grey shades from white to black) of the character “petal.” When considering the character “pigment,” if the pigments have the same origin, they constitute character states of the character “pigment” (a, b). If the pigments have different origins, they are analogs (c). b = blue; r, r1, r2 = red originating from anthocyanins; R = red originating from carotenoids. This figure appears in color in the online version of the article.