Table 1.

Meta-regression analysis of HP practices performed ‘often/always’

Predictors	Ask	Advise	Assist	Arrange	NRT
N studies	9	7	5*	6	6
No predictors
I2 resid	96%	91.9%	95.9%	97%
τ2	0.008	0.0304	0.019	0.017
Provider type
P value	0.18	0.487	0.898	0.304
adj r2	24.7%	−1.5%		−57.6%	26.4%
I2 resid	95.6%	87.7%		97.4%	94.8%
τ2	0.006	0.031		0.029	0.013
High risk
P value	0.909	†	0.571	†
adj r2	−14.4%			−13.4%
I2 resid	96.4%			96.7%
τ2	0.009			0.021
Country
P value	0.845	0.252	0.037	0.903
adj r2	−42.2%	27.6%		66.9%	−25.2%
I2 resid	96.5%	89.4%		84.5%	97.6%
τ2	0.012	0.022		0.006	0.021
Year
P value	‡	‡	0.013	‡
adj r2				81.9%
I2 resid				73.9%
τ2 resid				0.003

*Too few studies, I² and τ² not available.

†No high-risk populations.

‡Non-linear, model not performed.

HP, health provider; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy.