Table 3. Analysis of combined incidence and clinical findings for nonspecific and specific periprosthetic joint infections regarding presentation time and type 13 .
| (Combined) Clinical Findings | Analysis of the clinical findings for nonspecific PJIs | Incidence of the clinical findings for nonspecific and Specific PJIs. Average % (95%CI) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N
o
AC/Controls
(N o PJIs THR/ TKR/ others) |
Sensitivity % (95%CI) | Specificity % (95%CI) | Accuracy % (95%CI) | Nonspecific PJI | Early postoperative PJI | Acute hematogenic PJI | Late chronic PJI | |
| Pain | 225/237 (77/18/ 0) | 57.9 (47.3–67.9) | 28.3 (22.6–34.5) | 36.7 (31.5–42.2) | 77.2 (74.5–79.9) | 54.7 (51.3–58.0) | 92.8 (89.1–96.6) | 82.9 (77.5–88.3) |
| Fever | 17/205 (62/3/ 0) | 13.8 (6.5–24.7) | 96.1 (92.5–98.3) | 76.3 (70.7–81.2) | 31.2 (28.2–34.1) | 32.5 (29.4–35.5) | 75.5 (71.3–79.7) | 14.0 (10.4–17.6) |
| Periarticular inflammation a | 113/716 (316/220/0) | 14.9 (11.9–18.4) | 94.7 (92.8–96.2) | 61.8 (59.0–64.6) | 35.9 (33.2–38.6) | 49.0 (44.8–53.3) | 69.7 (60.1–79.2) | 18.4 (14.9–22.0) |
| Superficial disturbances at the surgical site b | 487/1,771 (538/392/ 0) | 23.6 (21.3–26.1) | 88.6 (87,0–90.0) | 61.8 (59.9–63.5) | 40.4 (37.5–43.2) | 46.8 (40.6–53.0) | NR | 24.1 (17.9–30.2) |
| Deep soft parts involvement c | 24/62 (4/17/ 3) | 43.7 (29.5–58.8) | 100.0 (97.0–100.0) | 84.3 (78.0–89.4) | 38.8 (35.4–42.1) | 44.0 (40.7–47.4) | 11.0 (8.1–14.0) | 26.3 (21.8–30.9) |
| Joint dysfunction d | NR | NR | NR | NR | 74.4 (69.9–78.9) | NR | 20.5 (1 reference) | 41.7 (1 reference) |
|
Total number of included PJIs
(THR/ TKR/ others) |
976 (561/412/ 3) | __ | __ | __ | 2523 (1421/ 1071/ 31) | 902 (491/ 408/ 3) | 435 (152/ 274/ 9) | 607 (385/ 181/ 41) |
Abbreviations: N o AC: observed clinical findings - (True +) + (False +). CI, confidence interval; NR, not reported; PJI, periprosthetic joint infection; THR; total hip replacement; TKR, total knee replacement.
a
Combined for joint effusion/edema, heat and/or erythema.
b
Composite for delayed healing, persistent non-purulent drainage and/or superficial dehiscence.
c
Composite for deep sinus tract, purulent drainage, abscess and/or extensive necrosis.
d
Composite for rigidity and/or reduced range of joint motion.