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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Toxicol. 2013 Oct 25;34(1):1–18. doi: 10.1002/jat.2949

Figure 5.

Figure 5

An illustration of the modified Bradford Hill considerations for weight of evidence of hypothesized modes of action. The illustration represents evolution of these considerations based on increasing experience in application in case studies and training initiatives internationally. Specific questions being addressed by each of the considerations are offered as a basis potentially to increase common understanding and consistency in their application in mode of action analysis.