Table 1.

Infant Clinical and Social Background Characteristics of the Sample

Variable	FT (n = 55)	VPT (n = 69)	BI (n = 32)	p
Gestational age at birth (weeks), m (SD)	39.00 (1.3)	26.72 (1.7)	25.72 (2.1)	<.001***
Birthweight (g) , m (SD)	3236.84 (469.9)	944.44 (254.3)	915.38 (250.3)	<.001***
Multiple birth, % (n)	-	31.9 (22)	9.4 (3)	.02
Male, % (n)	49.1 (27)	40.6 (28)	59.4 (19)	.20
African American, % (n)	74.5 (41)	39.1 (27)	37.5 (12)	<.001***
Intra-uterine growth restriction, % (n)	-	7.2 (5)	3.1 (1)	.42
Did not receive antenatal steroids, % (n)	-	5.8 (4)	21.9 (7)	.02*
Received postnatal steroids, % (n)	-	13.0 (9)	12.5 (4)	.94
Oxygen at 36 weeks, % (n)	-	49.3 (34)	75.0 (24)	.02*
Patent ductus arteriosus, % (n)	-	40.6 (28)	28.1 (9)	.23
Retinopathy of prematurity, % (n)	-	15.9 (11)	25.0 (8)	.28
Necrotizing enterocolitis , % (n)	-	5.8 (4)	28.1 (9)	.002**
Confirmed Sepsis, % (n)	-	26.1 (18)	46.9 (15)	.04*
Infant medical propensity score, m (SD)	0.0 (0.0)	0.25 (0.14)	0.47 (0.28)	<.001***
High-Grade Brain Injury, % (n)
IVH Grade III/IV	-	-	46.9 (15)
IVH Grade III/IV with surgical treatment	-	-
(PHH)			31.3 (10)
cPVL	-	-	21.9 (7)	-
High-Grade Brain Injury Laterality, % (n)
Bilateral	-	-	84.3 (27)
Left hemisphere	-	-	12.5 (4)
Right hemisphere	-	-	3.1 (1)	-
Postmenstrual age at scan, m (SD)	39.04 (1.2)	37.67 (1.5)	38.41 (1.6)	<.001***

Note. Factors that contributed to the medical risk propensity score: oxygen at 36 weeks, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, and did not receive antenatal steroids.

IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PHH, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus; cPVL, cystic periventricular leukomalacia.

^*p ≤ 0.05;

^**p ≤ 0.01;

^***p ≤ 0.001