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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol Adv. 2019 Feb 20;42:107353. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.009

Figure 2. Materials and techniques for engineering cardiac tissues.

Figure 2.

Materials and techniques most frequently used for fECT engineering and therapy include: A) hydrogel scaffolds made from either natural or synthetic materials formed with 3D molding or bioprinting; B) fibrous scaffolds generated from synthetic materials including PLGA, PGS and others; C) nanofibrous scaffolds generated through electrospinning or extrusion spinning; D) decellularized tissues either intact or homogenized and crosslinked into a hydrogel; and E) injectable scaffolds to provide bulking and/or beneficial remodeling of the treated heart.