Figure 4.

Forearm Muscle Blood Flow and Substrate Utilization Are Unaffected by NR Supplementation

(A) Muscle blood flow using venous occlusive plethysmography at baseline and after the NR and placebo phases. The green dotted line represents when 75 g of oral glucose load was taken.

(B and C) Muscle O₂ consumption (B) and CO₂ production (C) at baseline and after NR and the placebo. The green dotted line represents when 75 g of oral glucose load was taken.

(D and E) Muscle glucose uptake (D) and lactate release (E) at baseline and after NR and the placebo. The green dotted line represents when 75 g of oral glucose load was taken.

Data are obtained from 12 participants at each phase and presented as mean ± SEM. Significance was set at p < 0.05 using a paired t test. The absence of significance symbols indicates a lack of statistical significance.