Fig. 5.

Test of protective effect of ethanolic extract of R. officinalis L. (eeRo) (A) and its fractions: DCM (from dichloromethane) (B), EA (from ethyl acetate) (C), ButOH (from buthanol (D) and gallic acid (GA) (E) on basal formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Data are reported as means ± SEM of three to six determinations. One way ANOVA, followed by Newman–Keuls test for post-hoc. *p < 0.05, significant difference when compared to control. ^a,b,c,dp < 0.05, significant difference among groups with different letters.