Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 1212)
| Healthy controls | all MDD | P value (all MDD vs. controls) | MDD with hyperphagia | MDD with hypophagia | P value (overall) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 331 | 881 | 246 | 341 | ||
| Female, N (%) | 199 (60.1) | 593 (67.3) | <0.05a | 185 (75.2)d | 228 (66.9)d | <0.001a |
| Age, mean (sd.) | 42.6 (14.6) | 40.6 (12.2) | <0.05b | 41.1 (11.7) | 40.0 (12.1)e | <0.05c |
| BMI, mean (sd.) | 25.5 (4.7) | 25.9 (5.4) | 0.18b | 28.4 (6.0)d,e | 24.4 (4.9)d,e | <0.0001c |
| IDS, mean (sd.) | 8.2 (7.4) | 32.3 (12.3) | <0.0001b | 33.8 (11.6)e | 32.4 (13.3)e | <0.0001c |
| Current anxiety diagnosis, N (%) | 0 (0) | 582 (66.1) | <0.0001a | 170 (69.1) | 221 (64.8) | <0.0001a |
| Anti-inflammatory drug use, N (%) | 6 (1.8) | 42 (4.8) | <0.05a | 14 (5.7) | 14 (4.1) | <0.05a |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 90 (27.2) | 406 (46.1) | <0.0001a | 84 (34.1)d | 199 (58.4)d | <0.0001a |
| Antidepressant medication use, N (%) | 2 (0.6) | 398 (45.2) | <0.0001a | 103 (42.9) | 157 (46.0) | <0.0001a |
P value in the fourth column is for testing difference between total current MDD group and controls. P value in the seventh column is for testing differences between the MDD subgroups with increased and decreased appetite and/or weight change and controls and posthoc pairwise comparison
BMI body mass index, IDS inventory of depressive symptomatology, MDD major depressive disorder
aχ2-test
bTwo-sided t-test
cANOVA
dDifferent from the other appetite and/or weight change subgroup
eDifferent from controls