Cells were exposed to HG and liraglutide (0, 10, 100, or 1000 nM) for 48 h. (A) Apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-PI double staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry was higher for cells treated with HG than control group, which could be effectively decreased by the use of liraglutide. (B) Cell death detection by ELISA showed that HG increased the apoptosis of NPCls and liraglutide suppressed it. (C) The caspase-3 activity was measured using a commercial caspase-3 activity kit (Beyotime, China). Caspase-3 activity is expressed as the fold change in enzyme activity over control. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=3). *P<0.05.