Table 1.
MiRNA amplification methods based on nanomaterials.
| Nanobio-sensors | Features | Application | Analyst | LOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanostructured gold | Strong surface-plasmon resonance absorptions; High extinction coefficients; Target-triggered aggregation of AuNPs, resulting in a color change of the AuNP solution from red to purple. |
Immobilization of AuNPs on laccase-loaded poly-dopamine NPs | miRNA-21 | 70 pM [50] |
| AuNPs functionalization with thiolated DNA oligonucleotides | miRNA-10b | 100 aM [18] | ||
| Surface functionalization of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with AuNPs | miRNA-155 | 33.4 fM [56] | ||
| Cysteine capped gold nanoclusters | miRNA-155 | 60 fM [57] | ||
| Nanostructured silver | High biocompatibility; Excellent photostability; Tunable luminescence, and subnanometer size; Enhanced fluorescence placed in close proximity with guanine-rich sequences. | DNA-Templated AgNCs | miRNA-21 | 38 pM [52] |
| Gold and silver nanorod/thionine/complementary DNA composite | miRNA-155 | 1 pM [58] | ||
| A specific architecture of nitrogen-doped functionalized graphene, AgNPs, and polyaniline | miRNA-21 | 0.2 fM [54] | ||
| Nanostructured copper | Rapid and easy synthesis; Excellent non-toxicity and biocompatibility |
Poly (thymine)-templated fluorescent CuNPs | miRNA-141 | 0.27 fM [20] |
| Oligonucleotide-templated copper nanoclusters | miRNA-155 | 2.2 pM [59] | ||
| MoS2 nanosheets decorated with a copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) | miRNA-205 | 0.48 pM [60] | ||
| Carbon nanomaterials | Low cost, high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, remarkable chemical stability, and strong mechanical strength; Better performance in hardness and heat resistance. |
N-Carboxymethyl chitosan (NCS)/Mo2C nano-complex | miRNA-21 | 0.34 fM [61] |
| Multiwall carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide nanoribbons | miRNA-21 | 0.034 fM [62] |