Table 1.
Associations between anthropometric indexes and CVD events among participants in the WHI study (1994–2017)
| Primary analysis, HR (95% CI)a | Sensitivity analysis, HR (95% CI)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (N = 109,536)c | Model 2 (N = 82,370)c | Model 1 (N = 79,641)c | Model 2 (N = 59,835)c | |
| WHtR | ||||
| >0.5 | 1.61 (1.54, 1.68) | 1.29 (1.22, 1.36) | 1.50 (1.42, 1.58) | 1.29 (1.21, 1.38) |
| Per 0.1-increment | 1.31 (1.29, 1.34) | 1.15 (1.11, 1.18) | 1.28 (1.24, 1.32) | 1.17 (1.12, 1.21) |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Underweight | 1.07 (0.83, 1.38) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.48) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.73, 1.45) |
| Overweight | 1.27 (1.21, 1.33) | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | 1.24 (1.17, 1.32) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) |
| Obese | 1.58 (1.50, 1.67) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) | 1.47 (1.38, 1.57) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.32) |
| Interaction with WHtRd (P value) | 0.15 | 0.16 | ||
| WC >88 cm | 1.57 (1.50, 1.63) | 1.23 (1.17, 1.30) | 1.46 (1.39, 1.54) | 1.23 (1.16, 1.31) |
| Interaction with WHtRd (P value) | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||
| WHR ≥0.85 | 1.61 (1.54, 1.67) | 1.25 (1.19, 1.32) | 1.50 (1.42, 1.58) | 1.25 (1.17, 1.34) |
| Interaction with WHtRd (P value) | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| Weight change in kge | ||||
| <5 kg | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Loss ≥5 kg | 1.28 (1.20, 1.37) | 1.19 (1.10, 1.29) | 1.30 (1.19, 1.41) | 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) |
| Gain ≥5 kg | 1.16 (1.09, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.27) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) |
| Interaction with WHtRd (P value) | 0.84 | 0.52 | ||
Adjusted for baseline diabetes status; excluded CVD and cancer cases at baseline.
Excluded diabetes and cancer cases at baseline and follow-up.
Covariates in model 1: age at baseline, region in the U.S., race/ethnicity, and subcohort indicators (participating in observational study or clinical trials). Model 2: covariates in model 1 plus alcohol intake, smoking status, energy expenditure from recreational physical activity, dietary energy, total carbohydrates/sugar/protein, dietary glycemic index, hysterectomy history, use of hormone replacement therapy, personal history of diabetes, personal history of hypertension, personal history of high cholesterol requiring medication, family history of diabetes, family history of stroke or heart attack, education, and family income.
P value for interaction with WHtR.
Due to missing anthropometric data at year 3 follow-up, 95,696 participants were included in model 1 and 72,451 participants were included in model 2; for sensitivity analysis, 69,240 participants were included in model 1 and 52,381 participants were included in model 2.