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. 2019 Jun 20;6(16):1802289. doi: 10.1002/advs.201802289

Table 1.

The list of toxicity studies about commonly used nanomaterials in industrials or environmental places. NP: nanoparticle; SWCNT: single‐walled carbon nanotubes; MWCNT: multiwalled carbon nanotubes; GO: graphene oxide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase

Compound Biological model Mechanism Outcome Reference
Au NP Zebrafish eye Disrupt eye development and pigmentation 127
Ag/Au NP Cell and tissue culture of mouse retina Oxidative stress Apoptosis, Neurotoxic effect, and even visual impairment 62
Ag NP Bovine retinal endothelial cells Oxidative stress Cytotoxicity and apoptosis 128
Ag NP New Zealand white rabbits Conjunctival redness, edema, and discharge 129
Ag NP Guinea pigs Grade 1 conjunctivae irritation 130
Fe NP Human corneal epithelial cells Elevated inflammatory response, cell death‐related pathway indicators and generated mistranscripted RNA Cell death 139
CeO2 NP Rat retina primary cells, tubby mutant mice, and very low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mouse Antioxidative effect 149, 154, 155, 156, 157
SiO2 NP Human corneal epithelial cells and Sprague–Dawley rats Cell membrane damage, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction Corneal injury 50
TiO2 NP Rabbits Reversible ocular conjunctival redness 168
TiO2 NP New Zealand white rabbits Ocular surface damage 169
ZnO NP Rat retinal ganglion cells Overproducing ROS, caspase 12, decreasing plasma membrane calcium ATPase and bcl 2/caspase 9, disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis Cell death 170, 171, 172
ZnO NP Sprague–Dawley rats Retinopathy 67
Fullerene Rabbit Conjunctival redness and corneal epithelial defects 181
Fullerene Rabbits Conjunctiva redness and blood vessel hyperemia 182
SWCNT ARPE‐19 Changes in SOD levels, membrane integrity and cell apoptosis Cell death 183
MWCNT Human retinal pigment epithelium cells increase in LDH release, ROS generation and apoptosis Decrease in cell survival rate 63
MWCNT Rabbit Conjunctival redness/discharge and vessel hyperemia 185, 186
GO NP Primary human corneal epithelium cells and human conjunctiva epithelium cells; Sprague–Dawley rats Oxidative stress Cell death 103
GO NP Kunming mice and corneal epidermal cells Inflammation and apoptosis Incrassated corneal stromal layer and iris neovascularization 190