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. 2019 Aug 14;10:1813. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01813

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Copyright © 2019 Rødvik, Tvete, Torkildsen, Wie, Skaug and Silvola.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Percentages of correct consonant repetitions and of five types of consonant confusions for participants with CIs. The upper bar describes the complete material of consonant confusions and the eight bars below the horizontal line describe subsets of the material. The units on the horizontal axis are the percentage scores of correct and incorrect repetitions. The bars with a horizontal pattern visualize correct repetitions. Type 1 is confusion between consonants with the same manner and the same voicing. Type 2 is confusion between consonants with the same manner and the opposite voicing. Type 3 is confusion between consonants with a different manner and opposite voicing. Type 4 is confusion between consonants with a different manner and the same voicing. Type 5 is unclassified confusions.