Table 2.

Main results of the coding.

Domains, categories, and subcategories			Definition
Prerequisites (50,563 /204,363, 24.74%)
	Health professionals have appropriate skills and knowledge (48,251/204, 363, 23.61%)
		Professional competence (9937/204,363, 4.86%)	Professional competence focuses on the knowledge and skills of the professionals to make decisions and prioritize care and includes competence in physical or technical aspects of care.
		Attributes of the patient-centered professional (38,314/204,363, 18.75%)	The following care attributes are important in professionals' approach to patients: respect, good manners, being polite, good etiquette, sensitive, welcoming, and empathetic.
	A cohesive and co-operative team of professionals (2312/204,363, 1.13%)
		Cooperation among clinicians a priority (2312/204,363, 1.13%)	Patient-centered clinicians are described as being committed and cooperative in an effective team that draws on individuals from different disciplines to complement one another in patient care.
		Differences in perception of role between doctors, nurses, and patients (0/204,363, 0.00%)	Members of the team know exactly the differences in the roles of doctors, nurses, and patients.
Patient-centered processes (101,586/204,363, 49.71%)
	Participation of the patient as a respected and autonomous individual (8186/204,363, 4.01%)
		Respect for patients’ values, preferences, and expressed needs (7446/204,363, 3.64%)	Patient-centered care (PCC) responds precisely to each patient's wants, needs, and preferences.
		Patient as a source of control (370/204,363, 0.18%)	Patients should be given the necessary information and the opportunity to exercise the degree of control they choose over health care decisions that affect them. The health system should be able to accommodate differences in patient preferences and encourage shared decision making.
		Patient’s active involvement and participation (370/204,363, 0.18%)	It gives patients abundant opportunities to be informed and involved in medical decision making and guides and supports those providing care in attending to their patients’ physical and emotional needs and maintaining or improving their quality of life as far as possible.
		Patient autonomy (0/204,363, 0.00%)	Patients direct their lives according to their personal convictions and individual reasons and goals, ultimately to achieve self-governance and self-care.
	Involvement of family and friends (591/204,363, 0.29%)
		Family and friends supported as caregivers (591/204,363, 0.29%)	This dimension of patient-centeredness focuses on accommodating family and friends on whom patients may rely, involving them as appropriate in decision making, supporting them as caregivers, making them welcomed and comfortable in the care delivery setting, and recognizing their needs and contributions.
	Care plan based on patient’s individual needs (40,722/204,363, 19.93%)
		Care customized according to patient needs and values (3101/204,363, 1.52%)	PCC is highly customized, incorporates cultural competence and empowers patient decision making
		Needs are anticipated (462/204,363, 0.23%)	Care plan meets the future needs of patients.
		Coordination and integration of care (35,923/204,363, 17.58%)	The extent to which patient care services are coordinated across people, functions, activities, and sites in a timely manner to maximize the value of services delivered to patients. Patients identified 3 areas in which care coordination can reduce feelings of vulnerability: coordination of clinical care, coordination of ancillary and support services, and coordination of frontline patient care.
		Transition and continuity of care (1236/204,363, 0.60%)	Support patients with their ability to care for themselves after discharge. Meeting patient needs in this respect requires the following: understandable, detailed information regarding medications, physical limitations, dietary needs, etc; coordinate and plan ongoing treatment and services after discharge; and provide information regarding access to clinical, social, physical, and financial support on a continuing basis.
	Genuine clinician-patient relationship (4702/204,363, 2.30%)
		Care based on a continuous healing relationship (4385/204,363, 2.15%)	Patients should receive care whenever they need it and in many forms, not just face-to-face visits. This rule implies that the health care system should be responsive round the clock (24×7) and that access to care should be provided over the internet, by telephone, and by other means in addition to face-to-face visits.
		Clinician-patient relationship (317/204,363, 0.16%)	The effective clinician-patient relationships coming from a healing model, with education and disease management information delivered within the context of the healing relationship.
	Open communication of knowledge, personal expertise, and clinical expertise between the patient and the professional (47,385/204,363, 23.19%)
		Knowledge shared and information flows freely (752/204,363, 0.37%)	Patients should have unfettered access to their own medical information and to clinical knowledge. Clinicians and patients should communicate effectively and share information.
		Information, communication, and education (46,596/204,363, 22.80%)	With respect to their health, people tend to wonder (1) what is wrong (diagnosis) or how to stay well, (2) what is likely to happen and how it will affect them (prognosis), and (3) what can be done to change or manage their prognosis. Common to all such interactions is the desire for trustworthy information (often from an individual clinician that is attentive, responsive, and tailored to an individual’s needs).
		Feedback mechanisms to measure patient experience (37/204,363, 0.02%)	Clinicians can move beyond their individual patients and use survey instruments and other tools that invite patients to report collectively about their clinical experiences.
The care environment (48,563/204,363, 23.76%)
	System issues (48,563/204,363, 23.76%)
		Geographic accessibility (536/204,363, 0.26%)	The physical distance, travel time, and cost from service delivery point to the patient.
		Availability (28,784/204,363, 14.08%)	Having the right type of care available to those who need it, such as hours of operation and waiting times that meet the demands of those who would use care, as well as having the appropriate type of service providers, materials and facilities such as parking, food, and hand hygiene.
		Financial accessibility (2964/204,363, 1.45%)	The relationship between the price of services (in part affected by their costs) and the willingness and ability of users to pay for those services as well as be protected from the economic consequences of health costs.
		Supportive organizational system (8624/204,363, 4.22%)	A system that promotes a philosophy conducive to PCC. Specifically, the system’s managers and employees (usually not clinical experts) create and maintain a responsive, secure, and orderly system on their own or via information systems.
		Therapeutic environment (7655/204,363, 3.75%)	It is the context in which care is delivered. A place quiet, peaceful, neat, clean, and private, if necessary.
Expected outcomes (3651/204,363, 1.79%)
	Addressing a patient’s physical and emotional needs (3651/204.363, 1.79%)
		Physical comfort (3009/204,363, 1.47%)	Attention to physical comfort implies timely, tailored, and expert management of pain, shortness of breath, or other discomforts, with the best possible curative effect. Try the best to avoid unexpected patient events and actively deal with them once they occur.
		Emotional support—alleviation of anxiety (642/204,363, 0.31%)	PCC attends to the anxiety that accompanies every injury and illness, whether because of uncertainty, fear of pain, disability or disfigurement, loneliness, financial impact, or the disease burden on one’s family.