Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients and patients with low SS (SS ≤22) and intermediate-to-high SS (SS >22).
| Variable | All Patients | Low SS | Intermediate-to-high SS | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1,418 | N = 821 | N = 597 | ||
| Female gender, n (%) | 344 (24.3) | 203 (24.7) | 141 (23.6) | 0.503 |
| Age (years) | 59±10 | 58±10 | 61±11 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.69 (1.63–1.73) | 1.69 (1.63–1.73) | 1.68 (1.62–1.73) | 0.269 |
| Weight (kg) | 73±12 | 73±12 | 72±12 | 0.427 |
| BMI (kg/m 2) | 25.7±3.3 | 25.7±3.3 | 25.7±3.3 | 0.834 |
| Family history of CHD, n (%) | 428 (30.2) | 244 (29.7) | 184 (30.8) | 0.766 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 904 (63.8) | 513 (62.5) | 391 (65.5) | 0.248 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 542 (38.2) | 260 (31.7) | 282 (47.2) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1120 (79.0) | 636 (77.5) | 484 (81.1) | 0.088 |
| History of MI, n (%) | 148 (10.4) | 56 (6.8) | 92 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| History of CA, n (%) | 90 (6.3) | 44 (5.4) | 46 (7.7) | 0.066 |
| Known PVD, n (%) | 122 (8.6) | 31 (3.8) | 91 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 18 (1.3) | 12 (1.5) | 6 (1.0) | 0.461 |
| Smoking | 0.012 | |||
| Never smokers, n (%) | 592 (41.7) | 339 (41.3) | 253 (42.4) | |
| Former smokers, n (%) | 158 (11.1) | 76 (9.3) | 82 (13.7) | |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 668 (47.1) | 406 (49.5) | 262 (43.9) | |
| ACS types | 0.002 | |||
| UA, n (%) | 980 (69.1) | 595 (72.5) | 385 (64.5) | |
| NSTEMI, n (%) | 204 (14.4) | 100 (12.2) | 104 (17.4) | |
| STEMI, n (%) | 234 (16.5) | 126 (15.3) | 108 (18.1) | |
| Medical measurements (on admission) | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 130±17 | 130±17 | 130±17 | 0.999 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76±11 | 77±11 | 75±11 | 0.021 |
| Laboratory measurements (on admission) | ||||
| CK-MB (ng/ml) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 0.015 |
| cTnI (ng/ml) | 0 (0–0.02) | 0 (0–0.01) | 0.01 (0–0.04) | <0.001 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 36 (22–87) | 33 (20–67) | 43 (23–108) | <0.001 |
| WBC count (109/L) | 6.43 (5.38–7.67) | 6.41 (5.42–7.68) | 6.47 (5.33–7.67) | 0.651 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.22 (2.80–3.68) | 3.16 (2.77–3.55) | 3.31 (2.92–3.82) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.37 (0.55–4.10) | 1.23 (0.51–3.43) | 1.67 (0.63–5.64) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory measurements (fasting state) | ||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.18±1.02 | 4.18±1.01 | 4.18±1.02 | 0.885 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.49±0.83 | 2.46±0.83 | 2.53±0.83 | 0.121 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.00 (0.87–1.17) | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | 0.97 (0.86–1.16) | 0.003 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.43 (1.03–2.10) | 1.51 (1.05–2.13) | 1.37 (1.00–1.98) | 0.012 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.13 (5.66–6.99) | 5.49 (5.05–6.64) | 5.99 (5.26–7.45) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.9 (5.5–6.9) | 5.8 (5.5–6.6) | 6.2 (5.6–7.4) | <0.001 |
| CrCl (ml/min) | 102±31 | 104±32 | 98±28 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 65 (60–68) | 65 (60–69) | 64 (60–68) | <0.001 |
| Medications use (before admission) | ||||
| Antiplatelet drugs, n (%) | 982 (69.3) | 559 (68.1) | 423 (70.9) | 0.322 |
| HMG-CoA inhibitors, n (%) | 958 (67.6) | 545 (66.4) | 413 (69.2) | 0.326 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs, n (%) | 350 (24.7) | 198 (24.1) | 152 (25.5) | 0.587 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 517 (36.5) | 270 (32.9) | 247 (41.4) | 0.002 |
| CCBs, n (%) | 467 (32.9) | 248 (30.2) | 219 (36.7) | 0.008 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 202 (14.2) | 76 (9.3) | 126 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Sulfonyl Urea, n (%) | 122 (8.6) | 57 (6.9) | 65 (10.9) | 0.013 |
| Biguanides, n (%) | 136 (9.6) | 72 (8.8) | 64 (10.7) | 0.276 |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, n (%) | 98 (6.9) | 44 (5.4) | 54 (9.0) | 0.006 |
| Angiographic characteristics | ||||
| Left-main disease, n (%) | 116 (8.2) | 18 (2.2) | 98 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Three-vessel disease, n (%) | 786 (55.4) | 294 (35.8) | 492 (82.4) | <0.001 |
| Proximal LAD stenosis, n (%) | 780 (55.0) | 321 (39.1) | 459 (76.9) | <0.001 |
| Trifurcation or bifurcation lesions, n (%) | 1094 (77.2) | 554 (67.5) | 540 (90.5) | <0.001 |
| Total occlusions, n (%) | 390 (27.5) | 130 (15.8) | 260 (43.6) | <0.001 |
| Heavy calcification lesions, n (%) | 432 (30.5) | 116 (14.1) | 316 (52.9) | <0.001 |
| Lesions length >20mm, n (%) | 750 (52.9) | 323 (39.3) | 427 (71.5) | <0.001 |
| AAC grades | <0.001 | |||
| Grade 0, n (%) | 407 (28.7) | 383 (46.7) | 24 (4.0) | |
| Grade 1, n (%) | 524 (37.0) | 349 (42.5) | 175 (29.3) | |
| Grade 2, n (%) | 390 (27.5) | 76 (9.3) | 314 (52.6) | |
| Grade 3, n (%) | 97 (6.8) | 13 (1.6) | 84 (14.1) |
SS: SYNTAX score; BMI: body mass index; CHD: coronary heart disease; CA: cerebrovascular accident; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI: myocardial infarction; UA: unstable angina; NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CK-MB: creatine kinase isoenzyme MB; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin A1c; CrCl: creatinine clearance; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCBs: calcium channel blockers; LAD: left anterior descending; AAC: aortic arch calcification.