TABLE 4.
Description and comparison of demographic, clinical, and cytokine response between groups with a negative QFT-GIT.
|
Subjects with a Negative QFT-GIT assay (n = 76) | ||||
| Active TB | LTBI | Uninfected | p. overall | |
| n = 9 | n = 12 | n = 55 | ||
| Body weight-for-age | ||||
| Z-score (SD) | −1.44 [−2.45; −1.00]a | −1.55 [−2.03; −0.58]b | −0.59 [−1.08; 0.32]ab | 0.001 |
| Intestinal parasites | ||||
| Protozoa (cyst) | 0 (0%) | 3 (50.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.464 |
| Helminths (ova) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4.55%) | 1.000 |
| Toxocara spp. | 0.314 | |||
| Negative | 6 (66.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 42 (77.8%) | |
| Positive | 3 (33.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 12 (22.2%) | |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 68.5 [51.0; 84.6] | 44.0 [28.4; 77.7] | 37.1 [20.3; 55.4] | 0.075 |
| 25 (OH) D(ng/ml) | 29.6 [24.1; 30.1] | 30.4 [27.7; 34.4]b | 26.5 [24.6; 30.0]b | 0.037 |
| Range | ||||
| Deficiency | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.84%) | |
| Cytokine response (pg/ml) | ||||
| Ag-TB | ||||
| TNF-α | −26.62 [−59.20; 4.27] | −7.89 [−37.82; 0.51] | −57.31 [−321.36; 72.9] | 0.385 |
| IP-10 | 544 [−34.59; 795] | 94.6 [49.9; 1332] | 219 [85.6; 594] | 0.894 |
| IL-10 | 1.44 [−2.71; 9.21] | 3.77 [0.85; 6.40] | 0.85 [−1.64; 9.29] | 0.918 |
| IFN-γ | 88.4 [0.00; 196] | 54.4 [−5.32; 239] | 23.3 [−2.05; 82.1] | 0.525 |
| IL-1RA | 4361 [1455; 9833] | 3204 [1280; 7608] | 3812 [1853; 9435] | 0.886 |
| IL-17A | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 0.00 [−22.20; 6.61] | 0.00 [0.00; 1.12] | 0.751 |
| GM-CSF | 1.45 [−1.10; 5.08] | 0.00 [0.00; 1.45] | 0.04 [−5.15; 1.52] | 0.670 |
| IL-13 | 361 [67.3; 591] | 81.5 [23.5; 565] | 56.0 [0.00; 200] | 0.240 |
| IL-5 | 0.00 [−0.46; 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.49] | 0.00 [0.00; 1.88] | 0.171 |
| IL-32 | 5.89 [−145.98; 222] | 106 [−143.37; 256] | −52.81 [−218.53; −6.17] | 0.197 |
| VEGF | −769.46 [−1673.90; 0.00] | −57.79 [−1369.04; 19.9] | −243.45 [−466.44; −22.59] | 0.295 |
| PHA | ||||
| TNF-α | 7244 [2691; 8401] | 4609 [2837; 6360] | 6932 [5104; 9965] | 0.261 |
| IP-10 | 7177 [4600; 11211] | 6415 [5166; 9139] | 6524 [3733; 10553] | 0.819 |
| IL-10 | −8.92 [−13.01; −4.87]a | −9.43 [−11.82; −7.98]b | −0.43 [−6.29; 0.00]ab | < 0.001 |
| IFN-γ | 3092 [2179; 4970] | 4808 [3212; 9358] | 3998 [1897; 7064] | 0.536 |
| IL-1RA | 72506 [42906; 111675] | 148877 [70665; 201214] | 68339 [30968; 172755] | 0.184 |
| IL-17A | 105 [8.75; 180] | 131 [80.7; 224] | 80.0 [30.4; 216] | 0.390 |
| GM-CSF | 39.3 [33.8; 99.2] | 64.1 [46.6; 93.7] | 71.5 [42.6; 143] | 0.186 |
| IL-13 | 1948 [1467; 2146] | 2400 [2021; 2978]b | 1563 [789; 2236]b | 0.007 |
| IL-5 | 5.24 [0.91; 5.69] | 2.99 [0.00; 11.4] | 3.42 [1.15; 6.68] | 0.789 |
| IL-32 | −198.07 [−315.19; −9.88]c | 280 [67.2; 367]bc | −24.34 [−160.79; 66.4]b | 0.004 |
| VEGF | 0.00 [−853.06; 782] | 0.00 [−780.01; 374] | −27.36 [−358.31; 138] | 0.703 |
| Nil | ||||
| TNF-α | 228 [71.7; 300] | 69.5 [40.4; 99.2]b | 312 [155; 809]b | 0.001 |
| IP-10 | 938 [301; 1667] | 561 [413; 2085] | 487 [317; 770] | 0.291 |
| IL-10 | 12.3 [8.92; 27.5] | 14.0 [10.1; 16.5] | 7.75 [3.59; 16.0] | 0.044 |
| IFN-γ | 321 [0.00; 862] | 255 [67.9; 440] | 199 [89.0; 434] | 0.911 |
| IL-1RA | 11598 [7467; 18694] | 10372 [8682; 16165] | 13409 [9432; 22543] | 0.304 |
| IL-17A | 0.00 [0.00; 44.3] | 0.00 [0.00; 26.5] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.71] | 0.220 |
| GM-CSF | 4.98 [0.00; 9.43] | 0.00 [0.00; 3.76] | 1.30 [0.00; 14.6] | 0.258 |
| IL-13 | 1166 [478; 1519] | 376 [324; 727] | 373 [206; 947] | 0.069 |
| IL-5 | 0.46 [0.00; 4.96] | 0.00 [0.00; 2.49] | 3.07 [0.00; 5.52] | 0.122 |
| IL-32 | 1242 [1006; 1740] | 2020 [1384; 4215] | 1532 [657; 3754] | 0.332 |
| VEGF | 1029 [626; 1674] | 1546 [491; 2629] | 484 [222; 1189] | 0.113 |
Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies (n) and percentages (%), and quantitative variables are expressed as median and interquartile ranges (IQR) or standard deviation (SD). Statistical differences between pairwise comparisons corrections (a, b, c). QFT-GIT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube; TB, tuberculosis; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; Z-score, default classification system used to present child nutritional status; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Ag-TB, antigen-dependent response; PHA, mitogen-induced response. Bold values, statistical significative values with a p-value under 0.05.