Table 2.

Maximum displacement and loads delivered to the tooth by the different aligners.

	Standard aligner	Rectangular palatal attachment	Rectangular buccal attachment	Ellipsoid buccal attachment
Maximum tooth displacement (mm)	0.079	0.088	0.086	0.092
F x (N)	0.0	0.4	0.7	0.8
F y (N)	0.0	−0.2	0.4	0.3
F z (N)	0.4	2.0	1.3	1.3
M x (N mm)	1.5	−1.7	2.8	2.9
M y (N mm)	1.8	0.6	−1.7	−1.9
M z (N mm)	−2.8	−1.9	1.0	0.7

“F” represents the force in each direction, and “M” denotes the moment along each direction.