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. 2011 May 11;31(19):7190–7198. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1171-11.2011

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

A, Time course of dyskinesia in marmosets treated with l-DOPA and R-MDMA (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. R-MDMA (3 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the severity of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia during the first 2 h of treatment, compared to l-DOPA vehicle treatment (p < 0.001 from 0–60 min; p < 0.01 from 60–120 min) and l-DOPA 1 mg/kg R-MDMA treatment (p < 0.05 for 10 mg/kg R-MDMA from 0–60 min, and p < 0.01 for 3 and 10 mg/kg R-MDMA from 60–120 min). Each time point represents the cumulated dyskinesia score for every 5 min observation period during the preceding 60 min. The maximal possible score (most severe disability) was 24. On the y-axis, 6 is mild, 12 is moderate, 18 is marked, and 24 is severe. The crosses on the graph indicate time points for which there is significance. B, Time course of dyskinesia in marmosets treated with l-DOPA and S-MDMA (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. S-MDMA (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the severity of dyskinesia from 300–360 min when compared to l-DOPA vehicle (p < 0.05). The severity of dyskinesia was also significantly higher when 1 mg/kg S-MDMA was compared to 3 and 10 mg/kg S-MDMA (both p < 0.05). Each time point represents the cumulated dyskinesia score for every 5 min observation period during the preceding 60 min. The maximal possible score (most severe disability) was 24. On the y-axis, 6 is mild, 12 is moderate, 18 is marked, and 24 is severe. The cross on the graph indicates a time point for which there is significance. C, Time course of parkinsonism in marmosets treated with l-DOPA and R-MDMA (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. R-MDMA had no effect on the antiparkinsonian action of l-DOPA (p > 0.05). Each time point represents the cumulated parkinsonism score for every 5 min observation period during the preceding 60 min. The maximal possible score (most severe disability) was 216. On the y-axis, 54 is mild, 108 is moderate, 162 is marked, and 216 is severe. D, Time course of parkinsonism in marmosets treated with l-DOPA and S-MDMA (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Each time point represents the cumulated parkinsonism score for every 5 min observation period during the preceding 60 min. The maximal possible score (most severe disability) was 216. On the y-axis, 54 is mild, 108 is moderate, 162 is marked, and 216 is severe. *p < 0.05 when compared to l-DOPA vehicle; **p < 0.01 when compared to l-DOPA vehicle; ***p < 0.001 when compared to l-DOPA vehicle; #p < 0.05 when compared to l-DOPA 1 mg/kg R-MDMA or S-MDMA; ##p < 0.01 when compared to l-DOPA 1 mg/kg R-MDMA or S-MDMA; § 0.05 when compared to l-DOPA 3 mg/kgR-MDMA or S-MDMA; †p < 0.05 when compared to l-DOPA 10 mg/kgR-MDMA or S-MDMA. The values represent the median score for parkinsonism/dyskinesia at each time point.