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. 2019 Aug 9;8(9):417–428. doi: 10.1089/wound.2018.0911

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

GQ-11 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine release and increases anti-inflammatory cytokine release by BMDM. (A) Concentrations of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α protein of BMDM supernatant. (B) IL-10 concentration from supernatant of BMDM pretreated for 24 h with vehicle (DMSO 0.01%), pioglitazone (PIO 10 μM), or GQ-11 (10 μM) and challenged with LPS (100 ng/mL). (C) IL-10 concentration in supernatant of BMDM pretreated for 24 h with vehicle (DMSO 0.01%), pioglitazone (PIO 10 μM), or GQ-11 (10 μM) and challenged with IL-4 (20 ng/mL). Total protein of BMDM supernatant was accessed by flow cytometry, with a CBA. Negative controls [CTRL (−)] are represented by nontreated and nonchallenged cells. Positive controls [CTRL (+)] are represented by nontreated but challenged cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of biological triplicates. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison tests. *p < 0.05. CBA, cytometric bead array; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.