ANT modulates L1-induced neurite outgrowth of cerebellar granule cells. A, Live cerebellar neurons were maintained on substrate-coated PLL or PLL plus L1-Fc (L1) in the presence of atractyloside (ATR), carboxyatractyloside (cATR), ANT1-specific (ANT1), ANT2-specific (ANT2), mouse pan-ANT (SLC), rabbit pan-ANT (ANT), or MMP14 (MMP) antibodies. B, Neurons were maintained on PLL or L1-Fc (L1) in the presence of 100 μg/ml ANT peptides containing loop 1, loop 2, loop 3, the signature motif (sign), the N-terminal amino acids 2–13 of ANT1 and ANT2 or the N-terminal 28 amino acids of ANT1 (NT). Total lengths of neurites were measured, and values obtained for neurons on substrate-coated PLL without additives were set to 100%. Mean values ± SEM from three independent experiments are shown, and values that are significantly different from the value obtained for neurite length on substrate-coated L1 without any additives are indicated: *p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with Turkey's multiple comparison test).