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. 2011 Oct 26;31(43):15376–15383. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2271-11.2011

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Copyright © 2011 the authors 0270-6474/11/3115376-08$15.00/0

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Figure 4. — Priming by near-synchronous bilateral M1 stimulation is necessary for induction of associative plasticity between SMA and M1 (Experiments 4–7). A, MEP changes in left M1 before (Pre1–3), during (PAS1–3) and after (Post1–3) paired associative stimulation of SMA and unilateral left M1 (Experiment 4, black circles). The ISI between SMA and left M1 stimulation in this and all other experiments of this Figure was −6 ms. During Pre1–3 near-simultaneous bilateral M1 stimulation was conducted, during Post1–3 only left M1 was stimulated. Data are compared with paired associative stimulation of SMA with bilateral M1 (Experiment 1, gray circles). Note that there was no difference in MEP change between experimental conditions. In both conditions, MEP amplitude increased significantly during and for at least 30 min after PAS1–3. Asterisks denote significant MEP changes compared with Pre1 in Experiment 4 (p < 0.05). B, MEP changes in left M1 before (Pre1–3), during (PAS1–3) and after (Post1–3) paired associative stimulation of SMA and unilateral left M1. During Pre1–3 and Post1–3, only the left M1 was stimulated (Experiment 5, black circles). Here and in C and D, MEP data are compared with those from Experiment 4 (gray circles). Here and in C and D, ^#p < 0.05, significant difference in MEP changes at single time points between the experimental conditions. C, MEP changes in left M1 before (Pre1–3), during (PAS1–3) and after (Post1–3) associative stimulation of SMA paired with near-simultaneous stimulation of bilateral M1. During Pre1–3 and Post1–3, only the left M1 was stimulated (Experiment 6, black circles). D, MEP changes in left M1 before (Pre1–3), during (PAS1–3) and after (Post1–3) paired associative stimulation of SMA and unilateral left M1. During Pre1–3, nonsimultaneous bilateral M1 stimulation was delivered (ISI = 5 ms), during Post1–3, only the left M1 was stimulated (Experiment 7, black circles). Of note, lasting MEP increase occurred only if paired associative stimulation of the SMA-M1 network was primed by near-simultaneous bilateral M1 stimulation during Pre1–3.