Figure 5.

Flight paths during visual learning and reversal learning. A, A representative flight trace of individual wild-type flies during standard visual conditioning. Flight orientations in the light sectors were associated with heat during the training period (blue blocks), while flight orientations in the shading sectors represent safe flight directions. The transitions between sessions are indicated by dashed red lines. The fly was highly active, frequently shifting its orientations from one sector to another during the “pre” period (gray blocks). The flight directions were mainly restricted to the safe sector during the “training” period (blue blocks). The preference for the safe sector was maintained during the “test” period (yellow blocks), when heat was switched off. B, Similar to A, except that the genotype is GH146-Gal4/+; Gad-RNAi/+. C–E, Representative flight traces of individual flies during visual reversal learning. The reinforcement contingency was reversed when “reversal training” (green blocks) began. C, Shows the flight path of a wild-type fly, whose preference switched from inverted T to upright T after the contingency switch. D–F, Show the performance of three representative flies with dysfunctional APL–MB circuit. The genotype for the specific trace is shown on the left. These flies could neither effectively avoid the newly punished pattern nor maintain a preference toward the safe pattern. The flight directions were distributed almost equally in the four quadrants during the “reversal test.”