Figure 3.1-4.

Chemical structure of a. N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and b. tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). c. Schematic of crosslinker conjugation chemistry. Lysine residues in ELPs protein react with the NHS–diazirine crosslinker to form an amide bond, thereby synthesizing a diazirine-modified ELP (ELP–D). Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the diazirine group forms a highly reactive carbene intermediate, which can insert into a neighboring ELP chain. d. Schematic of proposed ELPs protein gel conjugation to titanium substrates upon exposure to UV light. Reproduced with permission from Ref. ^[146] Copyright 2012, Royal Society of Chemistry.