. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 15.

Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2019 Apr 15;111(14):967–981. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1505

Table 3.

Mean food intake in grams with standard deviations for mothers of cases and mothers of controls with the estimated folate intake per food item sorted in descending order for cases intake.

Food Frequency Questionnaire Item	Cases (n=55)	Controls (n=55)	p-value^†	Cases Meeting Folate Requirement (n=4)	Estimated Folate mcg in 100 g food^‡
Steam Rice	1082 ± 1090	828 ± 236	0.107^§	965 ± 98	3
Eggs^¶^††b	117 ± 75	91 ± 48	0.020	201 ± 117	45
Lentil	113 ± 52	105 ± 49	0.349	95 ± 52	9
Milk	113 ± 83	134 ± 66	0.171	194 ± 128	9
Water Rice^††a	80 ± 110	26 ± 47	0.004^§	150 ± 129	3
Poultry	76 ± 63	73 ± 70	0.811	86 ± 60	7
Banana^††b	75 ± 73	68 ± 198	0.017^§	177 ± 182	20
Red Meat	71 ± 83	69 ± 74	0.975^§	98 ± 136	9
Potato	61 ± 29	60 ± 15	0.667^§	56 ± 16	11
Mango^¶	59 ± 82	44 ± 64	0.209^§	304 ± 107	71
Jackfruit^††a	44 ± 91	8 ± 14	0.002^§	149 ± 209	24
Guava^¶	32 ± 67	18 ± 25	0.127^§	137 ± 198	49
Big Fish	31 ± 33	29 ± 28	0.744	23 ± 22	0
Watermelon	30 ± 55	16 ± 24	0.116^§	133 ± 139	3
Green Papaya^¶	29 ± 32	22 ± 22	0.222	70 ± 56	58
Salted Fish	27 ± 31	23 ± 23	0.432^§	32 ± 32	14
Tomato^††b	24 ± 27	14 ± 12	0.021^§	39 ± 32	15
Small Fish^††a	21 ± 28	46 ± 37	<0.001	1 ± 1	30
Yam	19 ± 24	22 ± 19	0.411	8 ± 9	23
Dried Fish^††a	19 ± 43	33 ± 32	0.001^§	1 ± 1	0
Bean^¶	14 ± 17	9 ± 6	0.133^§	19 ± 16	96
Brinjal^††b	13 ± 13	8 ± 8	0.033^§	24 ± 9	34
Wheat Bread	12 ± 16	14 ± 14	0.580	<1 ± <1	29
Bottle Gourd	12 ± 11	14 ± 17	0.608^§	17 ± 11	6
Cauliflower^¶	12 ± 7	10 ± 7	0.162	14 ± 8	57
Bitter Gourd^¶	11 ± 15	6 ± 6	0.079^§	40 ± 32	45
Cabbage	9 ± 6	8 ± 5	0.197	11 ± 5	43
Pumpkin	8 ± 8	8 ± 6	0.964	17 ± 16	16
Okra^¶	7 ± 8	7 ± 11	0.928^§	21 ± 16	60
Puff Rice	6 ± 5	7 ± 5	0.241	2 ± 3	12
Parwar	5 ± 5	6 ± 12	0.506^§	13 ± 10	16
Snake Gourd^††b	4 ± 4	2 ± 4	0.028	8 ± 7	16
Ridge Gourd	4 ± 4	4 ± 6	0.520^§	8 ± 7	7
Radish	4 ± 5	4 ± 6	0.899^§	2 ± 2	25
Ghosala	4 ± 5	3 ± 3	0.818^§	2 ± 4	7
Sweet Potato	3 ± 8	4 ± 9	0.188^§	1 ± 2	7
Spinach Stalk^¶	1 ± 1	1 ± 1	0.838	2 ± 1	194
Spinach^¶	1 ± 1	1 ± 1	0.684^§	1 ± 1	194
Tea	1 ± 1	1 ± 2	0.661^§	2 ± 1	1

^†

Reported p-value comparing cases and controls using a paired t-test unless indicated.

^‡

From Shaheen et al., 2013.

^§

Reported p-value from a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.

^¶

Food has a folate concentration in the top quartile of foods listed (>44 µg per 100 g).

^††a

Meets criteria for False Discovery Rate test at q=0.05, q=0.10, and q=0.15.

^††b

Meets criteria for False Discovery Rate test at q=0.15. No variables were in the range of meeting criteria for both q=0.10 and q=0.15 only as occurred in Table 2.