Table 1.
Demographic, health, and gait characteristics of cognitive maintainers and cognitive decliners aged 74–85 at baseline (n = 223)
| Cognitive Maintainer n = 106 | Cognitive Decliner n = 117 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | p | |
| Age | 78.63 (2.84) | 78.67 (3.08) | 0.93 |
| Female Sex | 51 (48.11%) | 66 (56.41%) | 0.22 |
| Black Race | 21 (19.81%) | 36 (30.77%) | 0.06 |
| ≤High School Education | 47 (44.34%) | 58 (49.57%) | 0.56 |
| CHD | 32 (30.19%) | 19 (16.24%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 21 (19.81%) | 25 (21.37%) | 0.77 |
| Hypertension | 97 (91.51%) | 99 (84.62%) | 0.12 |
| Obese | 27 (25.47%) | 28 (23.93) | 0.81 |
| Recurrent falls in past year | 25 (23.58%) | 36 (30.77%) | 0.25 |
| APOE4 carrier | 18 (16.98%) | 28 (23.93%) | 0.28 |
| CES-D score | 5.77 (5.47) | 6.59 (7.15) | 0.34 |
| DSST score | 44.08 (11.24) | 39.50 (9.69) | 0.001 |
| 3MS score | 95.98 (3.41) | 94.06 (3.95) | 0.0001 |
| 3MS slope (points per year) | −0.02 (0.67) | −0.71 (0.92) | <0.0001 |
| # years cognitive testing follow-up | 5.14 (0.45) | 5.21 (0.33) | 0.18 |
| Gait Measures (speed) | |||
| Usual pace gait speed (m/s) | 1.19 (0.24) | 1.13 (0.24) | 0.05 |
| Fast pace gait speed (m/s) | 1.63 (0.29) | 1.48 (0.29) | <0.0001 |
| Narrow walk speed (m/s) | 1.03 (0.25) | 1.13 (0.27) | 0.01 |
| Dual task gait speed (m/s) | 1.27 (0.21) | 1.16 (0.22) | 0.002 |
| Gait Measures (percent change from usual pace) | |||
| Fast pace speed percent change | 38.14 (24.95) | 31.34 (18.75) | 0.02 |
| Narrow walk speed percent change | −5.70 (16.64) | −8.58 (14.75) | 0.20 |
| Dual task percent change | 0.82 (7.65) | −1.70 (8.62) | 0.02 |
CHD, coronary heart disease; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; 3MS, Modified Mini-Mental State; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; m/s, meters/second.