. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019 Feb 21;151-152:245–261. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.004

Table 2:

Clinical manifestations associated with tissue-specific glucocorticoid excess or deficiency

Affected Tissue	Excess Glucocorticoid Activity	Deficient Glucocorticoid Activity
Central nervous system	Insomnia, anxiety, depression, defective cognition	Fatigue, somnolence, malaise, defective cognition
Liver	Increased gluconeogenesis, increased lipogenesis	Hypoglycemia, resistance to diabetes mellitus
Fat	Visceral fat accumulation	Loss body weight, resistance to weight gain
Blood Vessels	Hypertension	Hypotension
Bone	Stunted growth, osteoporosis
Inflammation/immunity	Immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, susceptibility to infections and tumors	Increased Inflammation, autoimmunity, and allergy