Fig. 3.

AAVR PKD2 binds with AAV1. a, b The structures of trimeric AAV1 capsomers in complex with AAVR are shown in ribbon representation from a top view (a) and as a covered surface from a perpendicular side view (b). The rough inner and outer boundaries of the shell are marked with gray arcs. The three AAV1 capsomers are colored blue, green, and cyan, respectively. Bound AAVRs are shown in magenta. The five- and threefold axes are indicated by pentagons and triangles, respectively. The interacting residues on one AAVR and the interacting AAV1 capsomers are colored blue/white and pink in b, and the interacting region is framed. The interface amino acid residues in AAVR PKD2 are shown in bluewhite in c; the interface residues in AAV2 capsomer A (d) and capsomer B (e) are labeled and colored pink. See also Supplementary Table 5. f A total of 13 AAVR mutants were tested for their ability to bind AAV5 capsid by BIAcore sensorgrams in triplicate experiments. The calculated KD values for the binding of each mutant to AAV1 are summarized. The original curves are shown in Supplementary Fig. 6. g The overexpression of AAVR PKD2 mutants in AAVR-silenced HEK293T cells impacted on AAV1 transduction. Cells were transfected with wt AAVR or different AAVR mutants as indicated followed by infection with AAV1-mCherry at an MOI of 5 × 10⁵ vg cell⁻¹. The percentage of mCherry-positive cells are plotted as means ±  standard errors (n = 3). Expression of wt AAVR and mutant AAVRs was evaluated by immunoblot analysis with β-actin as a control (see Supplementary Fig. 13). h AAV1 viral particles bearing capsid mutations at the receptor-binding sites impacted viral transduction. HEK293T cells were infected with serial dilutions of mutant AAV1 starting at an MOI of 5 × 10⁵ vg cell⁻¹. Functional titer refers to the number of virus particles that can infect the cell in every microliter. GFP expression was determined 48 h post-transduction. The functional titers are plotted as means ±  standard errors (n = 3). Source data are provided as a Source Data file