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. 2019 Aug 21;9:12167. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48548-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative exemplar of DMD associated biomarkers that responded to GC treatment. Left column shows cross-sectional comparison of the biomarker concentrations in healthy (CT) controls (n = 12), GC-naïve DMD (n = 18), GG treated DMD (n = 31), p values are adjusted for multiple testing. Right panel shows paired t-test analysis of the same biomarker in pre and post GC treated DMD patients (n = 10). (A,B) Lumican was elevated in GC-naïve DMD patients then decreased following GC treatment (****p < 0.001, ***p < 0.02). (C,D) Osteomodulin was slightly lower in GC-naïve DMD patients relative to controls and further decreased following GC treatment (**p = 0.015, *p < 0.05).