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. 2019 Jul 25;18(3):3195–3201. doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.10662

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Copyright: © Du et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 4. — Effects of shikonin and paclitaxel on the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in ESCC cells. Cells were exposed to 100 nM paclitaxel for 24 h in either the presence or absence of 1 µM shikonin. (A and B) Cellular proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Combined treatment with shikonin and paclitaxel markedly enhanced paclitaxel-induced increased levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3, and p53 expression, while it suppressed Bcl-2 expression. Effects of shikonin and pactlitaxel on (C) Bcl-2 and (D) p53 mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significantly altered levels were observed in the combined treatment group compared with all other groups. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons test, and presented as the mean ± standard error or the mean from three independent experiments. **P<0.001. Ctr, control; PAX, paclitaxel; SHK, shikonin; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; c, cleaved; t, total.