Table 2.
In vitro studies evaluating cellular activities in response to membranes with incorporated biological/antimicrobial factors
| Modification | Cell type | Experimental groups (membrane materials) | Main findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incorporation of biological molecules | Human MSCs | PLGABFP1‐immobilized PLGA | Immobilization of BFP1 in PLGA increased hMSC spreading, ALP production and calcium deposition | Lee et al. (2013) |
| Human MSCsHuman HUVECs | PCL/gelatin PCL/gelatin immobilized with 50 or 100 ng/ml bFGF | Incorporation of bFGF in the PCL/gelatin composite fibre mesh enhanced the proliferation and migration of human MSCs as well as the tubule formation of HUVECs | Lee et al. (2015) | |
| Rat BMSCs | PCL/gelatin SDF‐1α loaded PCL/gelatin | The presence of SDF‐1α in PCL/gelatin membranes induced chemotactic migration of BMSCs | Ji et al. (2013) | |
| Incorporation of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents | Rat foetal calvarial osteoblasts | PLLATetracycline‐loaded PLLA | The level of cell attachment was higher on the tetracycline‐loaded membranes than on the unloaded membranes | Park et al. (2000) |
| L929 fibroblast cellsHuman PDLFsROS cellsAnaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum | TCPPCL nanofibres incorporated with different concentrations of MNA (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40) (wt %) | In L929 cell culture, a membrane loaded with 30% MNA showed the best cell proliferation rate among the membrane groups, but cell proliferation on this membrane was still lower than that on a polystyrene surfaceA 30% MNA membrane and a TCP surface showed a comparable level of cell proliferation when tested in human PDLFs and ROS cell culturesA dose‐dependent inhibition of bacterial growth was found for MNA concentrations of between 5 and 40 wt% | Xue et al. (2014) | |
| Osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) | Polystyrene surfacenHA‐PA66Silver‐nHA/TiO(2)/PA66 | All groups showed comparable cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation | Li et al. (2012) | |
| Staphylococcus aureusOsteoblastic cells (MC3T3‐E1) | PLA/siloxane/calcium carbonate composite containing mercapto groups (PSC‐SH) Silver‐PSC‐SH | The presence of silver in the membrane reduced the number of bacteria after 24 hr of cultureSilver did not affect the proliferation of osteoblast‐like cells | Tokuda et al. (2009) | |
| Osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) | e‐PTFEnHA‐PA66Silver‐nHA‐nTiO(2)/(PA66) nanocomposite | Cell viability on the silver‐nHA‐nTiO(2)/PA66 membrane was significantly lower than that on the other membranesThe ALP activity and Ca concentration did not differ among the different types of membranes | Ye et al. (2011) |
ALP: alkaline phosphatase; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; BFP1: bone‐forming peptide‐1; BMSCs: bone marrow stromal cells; Ca: calcium; e‐PTFE: expanded tetrafluoroethylene; MNA: metronidazole; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; nHA: nanohydroxyapatite; PA66: polyamide‐66; PCL: polycaprolactone; PDLFs: periodontal ligament fibroblasts; PLA: polylactic acid; PLGA: poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide); PLLA: poly(l‐lactic acid); ROS: rat osteogenesis sample; SDF‐1α: stromal cell‐derived factor‐1; TCP: tissue culture polystyrene; TiO(2): titanium dioxide; UVECs: umbilical vein endothelial cells