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editorial
. 2019 Apr 15;115(11):1567–1569. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvz104

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Substrate utilization for energy production in the heart. (B) An isolated working heart model using either failing hearts 4 weeks post-pressure overload or intact hearts with sham operation. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) was used as a source of ketone body at two different concentrations (200 and 600 μM). β-OHB, β-hydroxybutyrate; AcAc, acetoacetate; ACAT1, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, mitochondrial; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BCAAs, branched-chain amino acids; BCAT, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; BCKA, branched-chain alpha-keto acid; BCKDH, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase; BDH1, D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Cpt1/2, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1/2; ETC, electron transport chain; F-6-P, fructose-6-phosphate; FACS, fatty-acyl-CoA synthase; FATP, fatty acid transport protein; G-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; GLUTs, glucose transporters; HK, hexokinase; LAT, large neutral amino acid transporter; MCT, monocarboxylase transporter; MPC, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PFK-1, phosphofructose kinase-1; SCOT, succinyl CoA: 3-ketoacid CoA transferase 1, mitochondrial; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.