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TGF-β1–induced PAI-1 up-regulation mediates renal epithelial cell proliferative restriction. A) Subconfluent and serum-starved control shRNA and PAI-1 shRNA stably expressing HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-β for 1 d prior to serum stimulation for 3 d to promote cell growth. B) Data depict relative cell counts (mean ± sd) setting cell number in untreated (−) control shRNA cultures as 1. Con, control; NS, not significant; n = 3. **P < 0.01.
