Table 2.
Measured impedance data and statistics for the included groups
| Parameter | ANS | ANS* | NSR | HC | ANS* vs. NSR (paired) |
ANS vs. HC (unpaired) |
NSR vs. HC (unpaired) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw impedance data | |||||||
| fc (Hz) | 144.5 ± 43.1 | 155.8 ± 44.5 | 96.8 ± 43.9 | 93.2 ± 29.2 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 |
| R50 (Ω) | 421.5 ± 44.7 | 399.3 ± 41.0 | 663.1 ± 61.5 | 721.9 ± 65.3 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| Rfc (Ω) | 403.4 ± 40.9 | 382.1 ± 37.4 | 639.8 ± 58.2 | 694.7 ± 62.7 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| XC50 (Ω) | 22.1 ± 5.4 | 18.6 ± 3.4 | 63.0 ± 11.9 | 66.9 ± 8.1 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| XCfc (Ω) | 24.2 ± 5.7 | 21.2 ± 5.2 | 72.4 ± 11.2 | 73.8 ± 10.1 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| Z5 (Ω) | 442.1 ± 47.9 | 416.2 ± 42.8 | 733.9 ± 65.1 | 794.9 ± 71.6 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| Z200 (Ω) | 396.8 ± 41.2 | 378.0 ± 39.4 | 603.7 ± 59.6 | 656.8 ± 59.9 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| Zfc (Ω) | 404.3 ± 41.1 | 382.8 ± 37.5 | 643.1 ± 58.4 | 698.6 ± 63.0 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| PA (degrees) | |||||||
| PA50 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| PAfc | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 0.6 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| BIVA RXc (Ω/m) | |||||||
| R50/H | 356.9 ± 87.6 | 337.2 ± 91.8 | 555.8 ± 166.9 | 579.4 ± 94.9 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| Rfc/H | 341.1 ± 81.0 | 322.4 ± 85.6 | 530.6 ± 142.3 | 556.5 ± 83.4 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| XC50/H | 18.4 ± 4.9 | 15.4 ± 3.4 | 50.6 ± 7.6 | 58.8 ± 9.5 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| XCfc/H | 20.5 ± 6.6 | 17.9 ± 6.9 | 58.7 ± 10.8 | 58.7 ± 10.8 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| BIVA Zs (no unit) | |||||||
| ZS(R50/H) | −2.3 ± 0.9 | −2.6 ± 1.0 | −0.3 ± 1.7 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| ZS(Rfc/H) | −2.6 ± 1.0 | −2.8 ± 1.0 | −0.3 ± 1.7 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| ZS(XC50/H) | − 4.5 ± 0.6 | −4.9 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| ZS(XCfc/H) | −4.0 ± 0.7 | −4.3 ± 0.7 | 0.0 ± 1.1 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
| IR (no unit) | |||||||
| IR200/5 | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.83 ± 0.02 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.0001 | p > 0.05 |
| IRfc/5 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p > 0.05 |
Data are means ± SD. For group and impedance descriptions, see Table 1. H: height, Z: impedance (Z2 = R2 + XC2), ZS = Z score
For group and impedance descriptions, see Table 1; ZS = Z score; A Student’s t-test was used to determine differences between the groups with statistical significance set at a p-value < 0.05