Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of enrolled TB mortality cases categorized by genders
| Variablesa | All (n = 3735) |
Male (n = 2541) |
Female (n = 1194) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior TB history | ||||
| No | 3033 (81.2%) | 1978 (77.8%) | 1055 (88.4%) | 0.000 |
| Yes | 677 (18.1%) | 547 (21.5%) | 130 (10.9%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 947 (25.4%) | 647 (25.5%) | 300 (25.1%) | 0.863 |
| Chronic lung disease | 259 (6.9%) | 203 (8.0%) | 56 (4.7%) | 0.000 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 362 (9.7%) | 206 (8.1%) | 156 (13.1%) | 0.000 |
| Malignancy | 782 (20.9%) | 630 (24.8%) | 152 (12.7%) | 0.000 |
| HIV infection | 12 (0.3%) | 12 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.017 |
| No reported illness | 778 (20.8%) | 532 (20.9%) | 246 (20.6%) | 0.848 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 1641 (43.9%) | 1129 (44.4%) | 512 (42.9%) | 0.369 |
| Dyspnea | 1250 (33.5%) | 861 (33.9%) | 389 (32.6%) | 0.427 |
| Haemoptysis | 132 (3.5%) | 94 (3.7%) | 38 (3.2%) | 0.424 |
| Fever | 509 (13.6%) | 342 (13.5%) | 167 (14.0%) | 0.664 |
| Cavitation on CXR | ||||
| Normal | 110 (2.9%) | 69 (2.7%) | 41 (3.4%) | 0.000 |
| Non-cavitary disease | 2714 (72.7%) | 1781 (70.1%) | 933 (78.1%) | |
| Cavitary disease | 873 (23.4%) | 666 (26.2%) | 207 (17.3%) | |
| Lesion extension on CXR | ||||
| Normal | 110 (2.9%) | 69 (7.1%) | 41 (3.4%) | 0.624 |
| Unilateral disease | 1998 (53.5%) | 1355 (53.3%) | 643 (53.9%) | |
| Bilateral disease | 1508 (40.4%) | 1035 (40.7%) | 473 (39.6%) | |
| AFB smear test | ||||
| Negative | 1889 (50.6%) | 1279 (50.3%) | 610 (51.1%) | 0.000 |
| Positive | 1753 (46.9%) | 1221 (48.1%) | 532 (44.6%) | |
| AFB culture test | ||||
| Negative | 989 (26.5%) | 693 (27.3%) | 296 (24.8%) | 0.021 |
| Positive | 2529 (67.7%) | 1717 (67.6%) | 812 (68.0%) | |
| Initial treatment regimen | ||||
| HERZ | 3042 (81.4%) | 2093 (82.4%) | 949 (79.5%) | 0.097 |
| HRE | 310 (8.3%) | 203 (8.0%) | 107 (9.0%) | |
| No treatment | 383 (10.3%) | 245 (9.6%) | 138 (11.6%) | |
TB tuberculosis, CXR chest X-ray, AFB acid-fast bacilli, HREZ combination regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, HRE combination regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol
a Missing data and values were not shown in this table