Table 3.
Comparison of profiles of tuberculosis patients categorized by cause of death using univariate and multivariate analysis
| Variables | TB-related death (n = 944) | Non-TB-related death (n = 2791) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aORa(95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | ||||||
| ≤ 49 years | 77 (8.2%) | 127 (4.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 50–59 years | 107 (11.3%) | 258 (9.2%) | 0.68 (0.48–0.98) | 0.040 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.350 |
| 60–69 years | 118 (12.5%) | 421 (15.1%) | 0.46 (0.33–0.66) | 0.000 | 0.86 (0.57–1.32) | 0.498 |
| 70–79 years | 214 (22.7%) | 844 (30.2%) | 0.42 (0.30–0.57) | 0.000 | 0.76 (0.51–1.14) | 0.183 |
| 80 years ≤ | 428 (45.3%) | 1141 (40.9%) | 0.62 (0.46–0.84) | 0.002 | 1.08 (0.74–1.60) | 0.686 |
| Female | 308 (32.6%) | 886 (31.7%) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.615 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 0.777 |
| Current smokerb | 161 (17.1%) | 271 (9.8%) | 1.89 (1.52–2.34) | 0.000 | 1.42 (1.05–1.92) | 0.023 |
| Heavy drinker | 116 (12.4%) | 195 (7.1%) | 0.51 (0.39–0.68) | 0.000 | 0.94 (0.67–1.33) | 0.730 |
| BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 | 441 (50.2%) | 1001 (37.2%) | 1.70 (1.46–1.98) | 0.000 | 1.38 (1.16–1.64) | 0.000 |
| Prior TB history | 210 (22.4%) | 467 (16.8%) | 1.42 (1.19–1.71) | 0.000 | 1.43 (1.14–1.79) | 0.002 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 72 (7.7%) | 290 (10.5%) | 0.71 (0.55–0.93) | 0.014 | 0.69 (0.50–0.95) | 0.022 |
| Malignancy | 79 (8.4%) | 703 (25.3%) | 0.27 (0.21–0.35) | 0.000 | 0.35 (0.26–0.46) | 0.000 |
| No reported illness | 274 (29.2%) | 504 (18.2%) | 1.86 (1.57–2.21) | 0.000 | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) | 0.026 |
| Diagnostic tests | ||||||
| Cavitary disease on CXRc | 335 (36.7%) | 538 (20.1%) | 2.31 (1.96–2.72) | 0.001 | 1.43 (1.17–1.75) | 0.001 |
| Bilateral disease on CXRd | 516 (57.1%) | 992 (38.1%) | 2.17 (1.86–2.53) | 0.009 | 1.66 (1.39–1.99) | 0.000 |
| AFB smear test (+) | 595 (64.7%) | 1158 (42.5%) | 2.48 (2.13–2.90) | 0.000 | 1.85 (1.52–2.24) | 0.000 |
| AFB culture test (+) | 683 (77.8%) | 1846 (69.9%) | 1.51 (1.26–1.80) | 0.000 | 1.14 (0.91–1.43) | 0.246 |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Cough | 492 (52.1%) | 1149 (41.2%) | 1.55 (1.34–1.80) | 0.000 | 1.32 (1.11–1.57) | 0.002 |
| Dyspnea | 349 (37.0%) | 901 (32.3%) | 1.23 (1.05–1.43) | 0.009 | 1.18 (0.99–1.42) | 0.072 |
| Hemoptysis | 48 (5.1%) | 84 (3.0%) | 1.72 (1.20–2.48) | 0.003 | 1.79 (1.17–2.73) | 0.007 |
| Chest pain | 32 (3.4%) | 136 (4.9%) | 0.68 (0.46–1.01) | 0.058 | 0.67 (0.42–1.06) | 0.086 |
TB, tuberculosis; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; CXR, chest x-ray; AFB, acid-fast bacillus
% = % of cases without missing data
aAll the variables listed in this table were used in the multivariate analysis
b Never smoker was used as reference
c Non-cavitary disease on chest X-ray was used as reference
d Unilateral disease on chest X-ray was used as reference