Microbiota changes in diversity and density during HCT. (A) During conditioning, before hematopoietic cell transfusion (day 0, red dashed line), the community diversity of the microbiota in both allo- and auto-HCT patients declined rapidly. (B) Similarly, the bacterial density declined, plotted as the total number of bacterial cells per gram of stool, and only mild recovery of cell counts was observed toward the latest days of hospitalization (and there, mostly in allo-HCT patients) (see Fig. S1 in the supplemental material).