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. 2019 Aug 21;87(9):e00243-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00243-19

FIG 2.

FIG 2

Outer membrane vesicles from A. baumannii induce rapid neutrophil recruitment to the lungs. (A) Dose-dependent effects of A. baumannii OMVs on the numbers of BAL fluid cells. Various amounts of A. baumannii OMVs (0, 1, 5, and 10 μg in total protein amounts) were intranasally introduced to mice, and at 24 h after intranasal instillation of the OMVs, the numbers of BAL fluid total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were counted. (B) Time course (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) of pulmonary inflammation mediated by A. baumannii OMVs. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the lung sections of mice was conducted at different time points after intranasal instillation of A. baumannii OMVs (10 μg). Scale bars, 1 mm (low magnification) and 100 μm (high magnification). (C and D) Dose-dependent effects of A. baumannii OMVs on body weight loss and survival. (C) Various amounts of A. baumannii OMVs (0, 1, 5, and 10 μg in total protein amounts) were intranasally introduced to mice, and at 24 h after intranasal instillation of the OMVs, the body weight of mice was measured and body weight difference was calculated by comparison to mice which were not instilled with OMVs. (D) Survival of mice was monitored every 3 h for 1 day. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.