Table 3.
Sociodemographic characteristics, psychological resources and cognitive functioning
| Age Group | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N = 739 |
14–19 years N = 361 |
20–24 years N = 378 |
||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | ||||
| Cultural backgrounda | n = 738 | n = 361 | n = 378 | 0.099 |
| White | 418 (56.6) | 193 (53.5) | 225 (59.5) | |
| Indigenous including First Nations, Métis and Inuit | 79 (10.7) | 36 (10.0) | 43 (11.4) | |
| Indigenous including First Nations, Métis and Inuit and Other | 121 (16.4) | 73 (20.2) | 48 (12.7) | |
| Mixed Heritage ≥2 | 55 (7.4) | 30 (8.3) | 25 (6.6) | |
| Asian (Chinese, S. Asian, or Other) | 32 (4.3) | 14 (3.9) | 18 (4.8) | |
| Other (e.g., Latin-American, Black) | 34 (4.6) | 15 (4.2) | 19 (5.0) | |
| English as first language | 686 (93.0) | 341 (94.7) | 345 (91.3) | 0.091 |
| Highest educational qualification | n = 738 | n = 360 | n = 378 | < 0.001 |
| Less than high school | 384 (52.0) | 246 (68.3) | 138 (36.5) | |
| High school or equivalent | 270 (36.6) | 103 (28.6) | 167 (44.2) | |
| College or university degree | 84 (11.4) | 11 (3.1) | 73 (19.3) | |
| Income from employment (annual CAD) | n = 726 | n = 354 | n = 372 | < 0.001 |
| Less than $5000 | 308 (42.4) | 203 (57.3) | 105 (28.2) | |
| $5000 – 9999 | 118 (16.3) | 60 (16.9) | 58 (15.6) | |
| $10,000 – 19,999 | 180 (24.8) | 56 (15.8) | 124 (33.3) | |
| $20,000 – 29,999 | 75 (10.3) | 21 (5.9) | 54 (14.5) | |
| $30,000 or more | 45 (6.2) | 14 (4.0) | 31 (8.3) | |
| Current Housing | n = 725 | n = 357 | n = 368 | 0.138 |
| House, apartment or condominium | 681 (93.9) | 332 (93.0) | 349 (94.8) | |
| Group home, shelter or foster home | 18 (2.5) | 13 (3.6) | 5 (1.4) | |
| Other (e.g., mobile home/trailer, single-room occupancy residence) | 26 (3.6) | 12 (3.4) | 14 (3.8) | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Income from employment (annual CAD) | 9928 (10575) | 6811 (8976) | 12,886 (11125) | < 0.001 |
| Age | 19.76 (2.36) | 17.73 (1.17) | 21.69 (1.40) | < 0.001 |
| Psychological Resources | ||||
| Self-Efficacy | 32.28 (3.93) | 32.08 (3.79) | 32.47 (4.05) | 0.179 |
| Mastery | 21.42 (3.06) | 21.53 (3.08) | 21.32 (3.05) | 0.361 |
| Cognitive Functioning | ||||
| Shipley 2 – Vocabulary | 24.35 (5.12) | 23.53 (4.76) | 25.13 (5.33) | < 0.001 |
| Shipley 2 – Abstraction | 11.89 (3.65) | 11.73 (3.57) | 12.04 (3.73) | 0.248 |
| Executive functioning | ||||
| Stroop Colour-Word Task Score | 43.99 (9.19) | 42.46 (8.64) | 45.45 (9.46) | < 0.001 |
| Stroop Interference Score | 5.39 (6.72) | 4.48 (6.15) | 6.26 (7.12) | < 0.001 |
| Trail Making Test Bb | 70.55 (32.67) | 73.92 (33.23) | 67.32 (31.84) | 0.006 |
| Trail Making Test B /Ab | 44.89 (29.28) | 47.81 (29.87) | 42.07 (28.45) | 0.008 |
aParticipants could give more than one answer; bShorter scores represent better performance on a timed task. Results in bold: p-value<0.05