Table 4.
Health and social adversities including maltreatment experiences
| Age Group | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N = 739 |
14–19 years N = 361 |
20–24 years N = 378 |
||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Unstable housing | ||||
| Lifetime homelessness (including currently) | 333/716 (47.0) | 154/351 (44.0) | 179/365 (49.0) | |
| Currently homeless | 22/721 (3.1) | 9/351 (2.6) | 13/370 (3.5) | 0.600 |
| Moved ≥3 times or homeless (past year) | 385/731 (52.1) | 183/357 (51.3) | 202/374 (54.0) | 0.503 |
| Psychological Distress (past month) | ||||
| Moderate/severe psychological distress | 235/737 (31.9) | 100/360 (27.8) | 135/377 (35.8) | 0.024 |
| Mental health conditionsa | n = 739 | n = 361 | n = 378 | |
| Severe anxiety or depression regularly | 346 (46.8) | 173 (47.9) | 173 (45.8) | 0.608 |
| Diagnosed mental disorder (e.g., bipolar disorder or attention problems) | 160 (21.7) | 73 (20.2) | 87 (23.0) | 0.405 |
| Diagnosed developmental conditions (e.g., autism spectrum or learning disorders) | 83 (11.2) | 35 (9.7) | 48 (12.7) | 0.240 |
| Prenatal substance use | ||||
| Any cannabis, alcohol or street drug use (past month)a | 172/732 (23.5) | 80/357 (22.4) | 92/375 (24.5) | 0.555 |
| Cannabis use (past month) | 155/738 (21.0) | 75/360 (20.8) | 80/378 (21.2) | 0.984 |
| Alcohol use (past month) | 17/736 (2.3) | 6/361 (1.7) | 11/375 (2.9) | 0.367 |
| Street drug use (past month) | 11/736 (1.5) | < 5/358 (< 2) | 7/378 (1.9) | 0.605 |
| Nicotine/cigarette use (past 48 h) | 196/736 (26.6) | 96/360 (26.7) | 100/376 (26.6) | > 0.999 |
| Second-hand smoke exposure (past week) | 292/736 (39.7) | 150/361(41.6) | 142/375 (37.9) | 0.344 |
| Serious long-term physical health conditionsa n = 739 | n = 361 | n = 378 | ||
| Iron-deficiency anemia | 151 (20.4) | 69 (19.1) | 82 (21.7) | 0.437 |
| Asthma or allergies (regular use of puffers) | 139 (18.8) | 64 (17.7) | 75 (19.8) | 0.522 |
| Migraines (weekly or more) | 108 (14.6) | 57 (15.8) | 51 (13.5) | 0.436 |
| Serious injury (head/leg) that left a disability | 57 (7.7) | 24 (6.6) | 33 (8.7) | 0.356 |
| Thyroid disease | 21 (2.8) | 6 (1.7) | 15 (4.0) | 0.096 |
| Cardiovascular disease (including high blood pressure) | 13 (1.8) | < 5 (< 2) | 9 (2.4) | 0.300 |
| Epilepsy or seizures (weekly or more) | 13 (1.8) | 7 (1.9) | 6 (1.6) | 0.933 |
| Other (e.g., arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, autoimmune disorders) | 126 (17.1) | 61 (16.9) | 65 (17.2) | 0.992 |
| Maltreatment experiencesa | ||||
| Maltreatment at age 16 years or younger | ||||
| Moderate/severe neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and/or sexual abuse | 410/728 (56.3) | 196/355 (55.2) | 214/373 (57.4) | 0.608 |
| Intimate partner violence in past year | ||||
| Any physical abuse, emotional abuse and harassment | 363/734 (49.5) | 181/358 (50.6) | 182/376 (48.4) | 0.61 |
aParticipants could give more than one answer. Results in bold: p-value<0.05