Table 7.

Indicators of adversity in BCHCP cohort compared to other Canadians

	BCHCP population		Canadian samples (%)
	14–19 years (%)	20–24 years (%)	%
BCHCP screening criteria
Young age during pregnancy	49	51	2–11	Canadian females ≤19 years (2%) and 20–24 years (11%) [43]
Low income (< $20,000 per year)	90	77	13–15	Canadian females < 18 years (15%) and ≥ 18 years (13%) [44]
Limited education (no high school completion)	69	37	17	BC females of all ages [45]
Preparing to parent while single (not married or common-law)	87	95	7–45	Canadian females ≥15 years (7%) and living on low income (45%) [46]
Additional health and social adversities
Homeless ever (including currently)	44	49	5	Canadians (male and female) 15–24 years [47]
Unstable housing (moving in past year)	35	33	20	Canadian females ≥15–24 years [47]
Psychological distress	28	36	30	Canadian females ≥15 years and low-income [48]
Diagnosed mental disorder	20	23	15	Canadian females ≥15 years [48]
Prenatal cannabis use	21	21	15	BC females 12–17 years [49]
Prenatal nicotine use	27	27	22	Canadian females ≥15 years and low income [50]
Serious physical health problems	≤ 19	≤ 22	13	BC females 12–17 years [49]
Child maltreatment when ≤16 years	55	57	30	Canadian females ≥15 years [51]
Exposure to intimate partner violence in recent past	51	48	22–40	Canadian females 15–19 years (40%) and 20–24 years (22%) [52]