Table 1. Cannabis-Related Cases Reported to the Massachusetts Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention for Patients Aged 0 to 19 Years, 2009-2016.
| Characteristic | Cases, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabis Single-Substance (n = 98) | Cannabis-Involved Polysubstance (n = 120) | All Cannabis-Involved (N = 218) | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 47 (48.0) | 39 (32.5) | 86 (39.4) |
| Male | 51 (52.0) | 81 (67.5) | 132 (60.6) |
| Age, y | |||
| 0-4 | 19 (19.4) | 3 (2.5) | 22 (10.1) |
| 5-9 | 2 (2.0) | 2 (1.7) | 4 (1.8) |
| 10-14 | 8 (8.2) | 6 (5.0) | 14 (6.4) |
| 15-19 | 69 (70.4) | 109 (90.8) | 178 (81.7) |
| Route of exposure | |||
| Inhalation/nasal | 50 (51.0) | 103 (85.8) | 153 (70.2) |
| Ingestion | 46 (46.9) | 8 (6.7) | 54 (24.8) |
| Inhalation/nasal/ingestion | 0 | 2 (1.7) | 2 (0.9) |
| Rectal | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (0.5) |
| Unknown | 1 (1.0) | 7 (5.8) | 8 (3.7) |
| Intention of exposure | |||
| Intentional, abuse and misuse | 62 (63.3) | 77 (64.2) | 139 (63.8) |
| Intentional, suspected suicide | 0 | 30 (25.0) | 30 (13.8) |
| Intentional, unknown | 3 (3.1) | 4 (3.3) | 7 (3.2) |
| Unintentionala | 25 (25.5) | 6 (5.0) | 31 (14.2) |
| Other, malicious | 4 (4.1) | 0 | 4 (1.8) |
| Other or contamination, sampling | 3 (3.1) | 0 | 3 (1.4) |
| Adverse reaction, drug | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) |
| Unknown | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (1.4) |
| Medical outcome | |||
| Death | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Major | 1 (1.0) | 3 (2.5) | 4 (1.8) |
| Moderate | 34 (34.7) | 66 (55.0) | 100 (45.9) |
| Minor | 20 (20.4) | 34 (28.3) | 54 (24.8) |
| None | 7 (7.1) | 4 (3.3) | 11 (5.0) |
| Unable to follow, judged potentially toxic | 30 (30.6) | 9 (7.5) | 39 (17.9) |
| Not followed, minimal or unrelated | 6 (6.1) | 4 (3.3) | 10 (4.6) |
a
Unintentional exposure category includes general, environmental, misuse, and unknown.