Table 2. Patient Demographic, Clinicopathologic, and Treatment Characteristics by Survival Quintile.
| Characteristic | Survival Quintilea | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n = 615) | Low to Intermediate (n = 511) | Intermediate (n = 556) | Intermediate to High (n = 534) | High (n = 570) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 69.3 (10.3) | 67.2 (10.1) | 65.8 (10.9) | 66.9 (10.0) | 65.4 (11.6) | <.001b |
| Male | 337 (54.8) | 249 (48.7) | 282 (50.7) | 267 (50.0) | 259 (45.4) | .03c |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 511 (83.1) | 414 (81.0) | 472 (84.9) | 434 (81.3) | 477 (83.7) | .61d |
| Black | 35 (5.7) | 25 (4.9) | 24 (4.3) | 37 (6.9) | 31 (5.4) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 68 (11.1) | 69 (13.5) | 58 (10.4) | 59 (11.0) | 59 (10.4) | |
| Other/unknown | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.7) | 3 (0.5) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| Low (first quintile) | 137 (22.3) | 88 (17.2) | 116 (20.9) | 91 (17.0) | 99 (17.4) | .32c |
| Low to middle (second quintile) | 120 (19.5) | 104 (20.4) | 110 (19.8) | 97 (18.2) | 96 (16.8) | |
| Middle (third quintile) | 121 (19.7) | 105 (20.5) | 110 (19.8) | 100 (18.7) | 109 (19.1) | |
| Middle to high (fourth quintile) | 113 (18.4) | 95 (18.6) | 101 (18.2) | 116 (21.7) | 120 (21.1) | |
| High (fifth quintile) | 124 (20.2) | 119 (23.3) | 119 (21.4) | 130 (24.3) | 146 (25.6) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index score, mean (SD)e | 16.7 (10.1) | 14.4 (9.1) | 13.6 (8.4) | 12.6 (8.1) | 12.2 (7.9) | <.001b |
| T category | ||||||
| T1 | 24 (3.9) | 18 (3.5) | 28 (5.0) | 59 (11.0) | 75 (13.2) | <.001c |
| T2 | 80 (13.0) | 70 (13.7) | 80 (14.4) | 88 (16.5) | 117 (20.5) | |
| T3 | 511 (83.1) | 423 (82.8) | 448 (80.6) | 387 (72.5) | 378 (66.3) | |
| N category | ||||||
| N0 | 176 (28.6) | 150 (29.4) | 196 (35.3) | 219 (41.0) | 313 (54.9) | <.001d |
| N1 | 438 (71.2) | 361 (70.6) | 358 (64.4) | 314 (58.8) | 254 (44.6) | |
| NX | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (0.5) | |
| Stage | ||||||
| I | 54 (8.8) | 49 (9.6) | 53 (9.5) | 92 (17.2) | 151 (26.5) | <.001c |
| II | 561 (91.2) | 462 (90.4) | 503 (90.5) | 442 (82.8) | 419 (73.5) | |
| Grade | ||||||
| Well differentiated | 40 (6.5) | 29 (5.7) | 58 (10.4) | 71 (13.3) | 97 (17.0) | <.001c |
| Moderately differentiated | 274 (44.6) | 246 (48.1) | 294 (52.9) | 296 (55.4) | 263 (46.1) | |
| Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated | 278 (45.2) | 207 (40.5) | 183 (32.9) | 129 (24.2) | 152 (26.7) | |
| Unknown | 23 (3.7) | 29 (5.7) | 21 (3.8) | 38 (7.1) | 58 (10.2) | |
| Pancreatic resection | ||||||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 491 (79.8) | 402 (78.7) | 456 (82.0) | 412 (77.2) | 446 (78.2) | .06c |
| Distal pancreatectomy | 80 (13.0) | 72 (14.1) | 61 (11.0) | 81 (15.2) | 93 (16.3) | |
| Total pancreatectomy | 28 (4.6) | 23 (4.5) | 20 (3.6) | 18 (3.4) | 9 (1.6) | |
| Other pancreatectomy | 16 (2.6) | 14 (2.7) | 19 (3.4) | 23 (4.3) | 22 (3.9) | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| None | 378 (61.5) | 184 (36.0) | 153 (27.5) | 151 (28.3) | 204 (35.8) | <.001 c |
| Preoperative | 9 (1.5) | 20 (3.9) | 20 (3.6) | 20 (3.7) | 20 (3.5) | |
| Postoperative | 175 (28.5) | 226 (44.2) | 292 (52.5) | 292 (54.7) | 253 (44.4) | |
| Sequence unknown/other | 53 (8.6) | 81 (15.9) | 91 (16.4) | 71 (13.3) | 93 (16.3) | |
| Radiotherapy | 106 (17.2) | 188 (36.8) | 225 (40.5) | 185 (34.6) | 170 (29.8) | <.001c |
| NCI-designated cancer center | 218 (35.4) | 191 (37.4) | 234 (42.1) | 242 (45.3) | 242 (42.5) | .004c |
| Teaching hospital | 286 (46.5) | 244 (47.7) | 290 (52.2) | 297 (55.6) | 311 (54.6) | .005c |
| High-volume centerf | 244 (39.7) | 221 (43.2) | 255 (45.9) | 277 (51.9) | 300 (52.6) | <.001c |
| Costs, mean (SD), $g | 72 516 (69 025) | 56 042 (52 301) | 50 306 (29 487) | 50 491 (40 577) | 49 356 (49 384) | <.001h |
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 15 (10-23) | 13 (9-18) | 12 (9-17) | 11 (9-16) | 11 (9-16) | <.001h |
| Complication within 30 d | 324 (52.7) | 196 (38.4) | 175 (31.5) | 177 (33.1) | 165 (28.9) | <.001c |
| Readmission within 30 d | 162 (26.3) | 101 (19.8) | 110 (19.8) | 99 (18.5) | 93 (16.3) | <.001c |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NCI, National Cancer Institute.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100. Low indicates 0 to 9 months; low to intermediate, 10 to 15 months; intermediate, 16 to 25 months; intermediate to high, 26 to 41 months; and high, 42 or more months.
b
Calculated using analysis of variance.
c
Calculated using χ2 test.
d
Calculated using Fisher exact text.
e
Scores range from −11 to 62, with higher scores indicating a greater number of comorbidities.
f
Indicates 20 or more cases annually.
g
Includes the index surgical hospitalization and readmissions within 30 days.
h
Calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test.