Table 4. Patient Demographic, Clinicopathologic, and Treatment Characteristics by Value.
| Value Levela | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n = 568) | Intermediate (n = 1694) | High (n = 524) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 69.4 (10.1) | 66.5 (10.6) | 65.7 (11.2) | <.001b |
| Male | 313 (55.1) | 841 (49.6) | 240 (45.8) | .008c |
| Race | ||||
| White | 464 (81.7) | 1410 (83.2) | 434 (82.8) | .52d |
| Black | 37 (6.5) | 88 (5.2) | 27 (5.2) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 67 (11.8) | 186 (11.0) | 60 (11.5) | |
| Other/unknown | 0 | 10 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Low (first quintile) | 125 (22.0) | 331 (19.5) | 75 (14.3) | .001c |
| Low to middle (second quintile) | 119 (21.0) | 323 (19.1) | 85 (16.2) | |
| Middle (third quintile) | 111 (19.5) | 333 (19.7) | 101 (19.3) | |
| Middle to high (fourth quintile) | 108 (19.0) | 323 (19.1) | 114 (21.8) | |
| High (fifth quintile) | 105 (18.5) | 384 (22.7) | 149 (28.4) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index, mean (SD)e | 17.7 (10.9) | 13.8 (8.5) | 10.4 (5.9) | <.001b |
| T category | ||||
| T1 | 25 (4.4) | 111 (6.6) | 68 (13.0) | <.001c |
| T2 | 78 (13.7) | 232 (13.7) | 125 (23.9) | |
| T3 | 465 (81.9) | 1351 (79.8) | 331 (63.2) | |
| N category | ||||
| N0 | 171 (30.1) | 618 (36.5) | 265 (50.6) | <.001d |
| N1 | 396 (69.7) | 1072 (63.3) | 257 (49.1) | |
| NX | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Stage | ||||
| I | 57 (10.0) | 197 (11.6) | 145 (27.7) | <.001c |
| II | 511 (90.0) | 1497 (88.4) | 379 (72.3) | |
| Grade | ||||
| Well differentiated | 41 (7.2) | 180 (10.6) | 74 (14.1) | <.001c |
| Moderately differentiated | 275 (48.4) | 820 (48.4) | 278 (53.1) | |
| Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated | 218 (38.4) | 600 (35.4) | 131 (25.0) | |
| Unknown | 34 (6.0) | 94 (5.5) | 41 (7.8) | |
| Pancreatic resection | ||||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 473 (83.3) | 1386 (81.8) | 348 (66.4) | <.001c |
| Distal pancreatectomy | 56 (9.9) | 194 (11.5) | 137 (26.1) | |
| Total pancreatectomy | 29 (5.1) | 62 (3.7) | 7 (1.3) | |
| Other pancreatectomy | 10 (1.8) | 52 (3.1) | 32 (6.1) | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| None | 335 (59.0) | 570 (33.6) | 165 (31.5) | <.001c |
| Preoperative | 20 (3.5) | 53 (3.1) | 16 (3.1) | |
| Postoperative | 154 (27.1) | 822 (48.5) | 262 (50.0) | |
| Sequence unknown/other | 59 (10.4) | 249 (14.7) | 81 (15.5) | |
| Radiotherapy | 115 (20.2) | 596 (35.2) | 163 (31.1) | <.001c |
| NCI-designated cancer center | 209 (36.8) | 671 (39.6) | 247 (47.1) | .001c |
| Teaching hospital | 290 (51.1) | 853 (50.4) | 285 (54.4) | .27c |
| High-volume centerf | 265 (46.7) | 760 (44.9) | 272 (51.9) | .02c |
| Survival, median (IQR), mo | 8 (4-11) | 20 (12-34) | 51 (33-105) | <.001g |
| Costs, mean (SD), $h | 106 613 (79 218) | 55 568 (46 219) | 28 792 (7371) | <.001g |
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 19 (14-28) | 12 (9-17) | 9 (8-11) | <.001g |
| Complication within 30 d | 372 (65.5) | 601 (35.5) | 64 (12.2) | <.001c |
| Readmission within 30 d | 199 (35.0) | 321 (18.9) | 45 (8.6) | <.001c |
| In-hospital death | 82 (14.4) | 22 (1.3) | 0 | <.001c |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NCI, National Cancer Institute.
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100. High value was defined as the fourth quintile or higher for survival (≥26 months) and second quintile or less for costs (≤$40 674). Low value was defined as the second quintile or lower for survival (≤15 months) and fourth quintile or higher for costs (≥$53 971).
Calculated using analysis of variance.
Calculated using χ2 test.
Calculated using Fisher exact text.
Scores range from −11 to 62, with higher scores indicating a greater number of comorbidities.
Indicates 20 or more cases annually.
Calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test.
Includes the index surgical hospitalization and readmissions within 30 days.