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. 2013 Jan 9;33(2):697–708. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4018-12.2013

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Simultaneous recording of cerebro-basal ganglia activity during tics. A, Examples of raw data from EMG (top trace) and simultaneously recorded single cell activity in putamen, GPe, GPi, and M1 after administration of bicuculline. EMG was recorded from the orofacial region. The large voltage transients are tic events. Str, Striatum. B, Perievent raster and histogram of the putamen cell shown in A. Neuronal activity is aligned to tic onset. C, Histogram representing the distribution of response latencies in putamen relative to tic onset. D, Perievent raster and histogram of the multiphasic GPe cell shown in A. E, Histogram representing the distribution of response latencies of GPe neurons. F, Perievent raster and histogram of the inhibitory GPi cell shown in A. G, Histogram representing the distribution of response latencies of all recorded GPi neurons. Note the early onset of activity. H, Perievent raster and histogram of the M1 cell shown in A. I, Histogram showing the distribution of response latencies for all of the recorded M1 neurons.