TABLE 4.
Co-occurring birth defects by organ system for eye and ear anomalies from 30 U.S. population-based surveillance programs,a 2011–2015
| Variables | Anophthalmia/microphthalmiab (n = 1,798) |
Congenital cataractc (n = 1,848) |
Anotia/microtia (n = 2,217) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | 95% CI | n | (%) | 95% CI | n | (%) | 95% CI | |
| Congenital anomalies (740–759)/congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)d | 1,322 | 74.1 | 72.0–76.1 | 652 | 35.9 | 33.7–38.1 | 1,182 | 53.6 | 51.5–55.7 |
| Central Nervous System (740–742, Q00–07) | 657 | 36.8 | 34.6–39.1 | 194 | 10.7 | 9.3–12.2 | 251 | 11.4 | 10.1–12.8 |
| Eye (743, Q10–15)e | - | - | - | - | - | - | 286 | 13.0 | 11.6–14.4 |
| Ear, Face, Neck (744, Q16–18)e | 611 | 34.2 | 32.0–36.5 | 140 | 7.7 | 6.5–9.0 | - | - | - |
| Cardiovascular (745–747, Q20–28) | 767 | 43.0 | 40.7–45.3 | 342 | 18.8 | 17.0–20.7 | 611 | 27.7 | 25.8–29.6 |
| Respiratory (748, Q30–34) | 404 | 22.6 | 20.7–24.6 | 113 | 6.2 | 5.1–7.4 | 227 | 10.3 | 9.1–11.6 |
| Orofacial Clefts (749, Q35–37) | 305 | 17.1 | 15.4–18.9 | 42 | 2.3 | 1.7–3.1 | 186 | 8.4 | 7.3–9.7 |
| Upper Gastrointestinal (750, Q38–40) | 256 | 14.3 | 12.7–16.1 | 61 | 3.4 | 2.6–4.3 | 207 | 9.4 | 8.2–10.7 |
| Lower Gastrointestinal (751, Q41–45) | 141 | 7.9 | 6.7–9.2 | 47 | 2.6 | 1.9–3.4 | 110 | 5.0 | 4.1–6.0 |
| Genital (752, Q50–56) | 298 | 16.7 | 15.0–18.5 | 97 | 5.3 | 4.3–6.5 | 181 | 8.2 | 7.1–9.4 |
| Renal (753, Q60–64) | 293 | 16.4 | 14.7–18.2 | 103 | 5.7 | 4.6–6.8 | 306 | 13.9 | 12.5–15.4 |
| Musculoskeletal (754, Q65–68) | 449 | 25.2 | 23.2–27.2 | 111 | 6.1 | 5.0–7.3 | 313 | 14.2 | 12.8–15.7 |
| Limbs (755, Q69–74) | 516 | 28.9 | 26.8–31.1 | 118 | 6.5 | 5.4–7.7 | 260 | 11.8 | 10.5–13.2 |
| Other Musculoskeletal (756, Q75–79) | 525 | 29.4 | 27.3–31.6 | 136 | 7.5 | 6.3–8.8 | 513 | 23.3 | 21.5–25.1 |
| Skin (757, Q80–84) | 317 | 17.8 | 16.0–19.6 | 101 | 5.6 | 4.5–6.7 | 201 | 9.1 | 7.9–10.4 |
| Chromosomal (758, Q90–99) | 520 | 29.1 | 27.0–31.3 | 176 | 9.7 | 8.4–11.1 | 184 | 8.3 | 7.2–9.6 |
| Other (759, Q85–89) | 248 | 13.9 | 12.3–15.6 | 86 | 4.7 | 3.8–5.8 | 171 | 7.8 | 6.7–8.9 |
CI: Confidence Interval.
Participating programs: Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Georgia (Metropolitan Atlanta), Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia (total live births = 12,441,847).
Excludes Maine (2011–2012), Maryland (2011–2012), Vermont.
Excludes Maine (2011–2012), Maryland (2011–2012), Puerto Rico, Vermont.
Birth defects that fall outside the 740–759 range for ICD-9-CM and/or CDC/BPA or outside the Q00-Q99 range for ICD-10-CM were not examined. Cases are counted separately for each organ system (categories are not mutually exclusive).
Co-occurring birth defects within the same organ system for the conditions of interest (eye and ear anomalies) are not presented given our inability to ensure diagnosis codes are unrelated to the conditions of interest.