Figure 4.
(a, b) XPS for copper and oxygen in Cu2ONPs prepared in a VFD under continuous flow of water (0.25 mL/min) with the glass tube inclined at 45° and rotating at 7.5 k rpm, with the 1064 nm wavelength pulsed laser operating at 600 mJ. (c, d) XPS for copper and oxygen in CuONPs prepared from Cu2ONPs dispersion after heating in air inside the oven at 50 °C for 10 h.