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(a, c, e) Calculated quantum capacitance (CQ) as a function of local electrode potential (Φ) and (b, d, f) surface charge vs potential drop and Φ between −0.6 and 0.6 eV for the N/S co-doping, N/P co-doping, and P/S co-doping with model-e, model-f, and model-g. The quantum capacitance and surface charge vs potential drop of pristine graphene are shown as a reference. The results are obtained with the supercells of 4 × 4.
